AIDS and HIV :: Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues

AIDS and HIVThe HIV virus poses one of the biggest viral threats to human bon ton today. Itis contracted through bodily fluids such as blood and semen, and sometimes evensaliva and tears. AIDS kills 100% of its victims and puts them through agonybefore they die. It has been a threat for about 15 years, and it is not goingto stop now. In fact, AIDS is just getting started It consumes more battalioneach year. There is no known treatment for it either, wholly antibiotics to slowthe reproduction of the virus. HIV is passed from one person to another bybodily fluids only. It is usuall(a)y gotten through sexual communion or otherintimate contact, through the exchanging of unsterilized intravenous needles, orby the contact of HIV-infected bodily fluids and an open wound. It trampnotpermeate though intact skin, then it cannot be spread through informal contact.AIDS has not been found to travel in insects or tame animals. In pregnant women,the virus only infects the infant near or at th e time of birth. The virus diesquickly without a host.AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDifficiency Syndrome) weakens the bodys immune system soit is polished to infection. The AIDS virus primarily attacks the Tlymphocytes, which are a main part of the immune system. The virus is alsoincubated in cells called macrophages, where it is accidentally sent to other, sanguine cells in the body like neurons and lymphatic cells. After HIV iscontracted, the person looks and feels healthy for up to 20 years beforesymptoms start occurring. During this time, the person can give the virus toanother even though it cannot be detected by sight or smell. Usually, symptomsstart developing within 1 to 2 years. Typical indications of the virus arefever, weariness, weight loss, skin rashes, a fungal mouth infection calledthrush, lack of immunity to infection, and enlarged lymph nodes. When AIDSovertakes the body, the body becomes curiously susceptible to tuberculosis,pneumonia, and a rare form of cancer called Kap osis Sarcoma. Once AIDS hasfully taken hold, the body may suffer damage to the nerve and brain. The lifeexpectancy of an AIDS victim after the birth of symptoms is 1 to 5 years. AIDSwas believed to have begun in Central Africa around 1979. Nearly all of thefirst AIDS patients were male homosexuals. However, after 1989 90% of all newcases of AIDS were from heterosexual intercourse. Public awareness rose asfamous people began to die, like Rock Hudson, Perry Ellis, Michael Bennett,Robert Mapplethorpe, and Tony Richardson.

charles schulz :: essays research papers

Perseverance and failure cannot coexist. Failure happens when you quit. When all is said and done, perseverance, commonly referred to as "stick-to-itiveness," is the ultimate success insurance. Nothing can military issue its place.                                             -Charles Schulz     Charles Schulz has persevered by dint of most of his life to ensure that Americans can laugh when they receive the news paper every morning. He worked every day through crabby person and wars and even the death of his parents. In a career that spanned nearly 50 years, Schulz drew more than 18,250 "Peanuts" comic flake offs, which expressed a droll philosophy through his trademark characters, including the hapless, angst-ridden Charlie Brown Snoopy, a romantic, self-deluded bea gle piano-playing Schroeder security-blanket toting Linus and self-centered Lucy. No adult was ever pictured, though the garbled voice of a teacher or parent on occasion resonated in the background.In the beginning"Peanuts" debuted in 1950 and went on to be the most widely read comic strip in the world, with an audience of 355 million in 75 countries. It ran in 2,600 newspapers and was published in 21 languages, including Serbo-Croatian, Chinese, and Tlingit. In a tribute to Schulz, President Clinton said, "For 50 years his keen eye, his good and generous heart, and his sprightly brush and pen have given life to the most memorable cast of characters to ever enliven our daily papers." Schulz died the night before his last strip ran in Sunday papers. In his swan song, he included a signed farewell "I have been grateful over the years for the verity of our editors and the wonderful support and love expressed to me by fans of the comic strip."Born to drawSchul z was born on Nov. 26, 1922, in Minneapolis. He knew from an early age that he was destined to draw comics. As a child, he always had pen in hand. Schulz used the pen for illustrating, not homework, as he flunked several courses in high school. At age 15, Ripleys Believe It or Not accepted a drawing of his dog, Spike, "a hunting dog that eats pins, tacks, and razor blades." He served in World War II in France and Germany. After the war, he dabbled in comics, freelancing for several newspapers and magazines. He drew "Lil Folks," the predecessor to "Peanuts," for the St. Paul (Minn.) lead up Press. In 1950 the United Feature Syndicate began running the strip as "Peanuts," a name Schulz despised. It took several years for the strip to catch on, but when it did, the free rapidly spread.

1960-present :: essays research papers

Contemporary Lit epochture and the Events That Influenced ItIn the last forty years there have been some key people and events that have shaped history and in turn have influenced the works of some of literatures most prolific writers. During this time period some of the most efficacious speeches, poems, and literary protests were written. These works of literature were sometimes written out of necessity for the times and spoke out to all that read them. It all started in 1960 when bath F. Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon, become hotshot of the youngest men ever to hold the office of president in the eyes of many this event began a new era in history. When John F. Kennedy was elected he inherited the t request of taking over a nation that was in the middle of many tragic events. Kennedys ideas and dreamings were summed up in this famous line from his election speech when he stated And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your c ountry. In 1963, when John F. Kennedy was only in his third year as president, the young, well liked president was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Lyndon B. Johnson was cuss in as president in the wake of the assassination (Davidson 672-675). That same year Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous I have a dream speech. In this speech he spoke out against racism and pushed towards the future, saying I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. two years later in 1965 President Johnson made the decision that affected the United States and all U.S. citizens more than any other event during that time. He officially sent U.S. troops into Vietnam, beginning the massacre known as the Vietnam War. (Karnow) During the Vietnam War in the United States young men and women started to protest mainly against the war, but besides against the Establishmentthe values, t radition, and views of their parents. Those who rejected the Establishment became hippies, dropping out of society to live together in communes. Make love, not war, they demanded and never trust anyone over thirty. For the basic time in society, drug use became widespread and young people experimented with new freedoms.

The Downfall Of The Middle Ages :: essays research papers

The Downfall of the core AgesThere were many reasons for the downfall for the Middle Ages, but themost crucial unmatcheds were the decline of the feudal system, and the declination ofthe Churchs power all over the nation-states. In feudal society, everyone had a expressed place and a definite role, with the power resting in the hands of thelocal lords (instead of a central government). The lords, or nobles, lost powerafter the Crusades, when the Europeans came into contact with the more advancedcivilizations of the Byzantine imperium and the Muslims. That spurred the growthof trade, which in turn gave rise to a money system. The money system in turncaused the birth of a middle class, which didnt fit anywhere into the feudalsystem. It was do up of the serfs and peasants that left the feudal system insearch of making money in trade. For the middle class, the king grantedCharters, made a uniform law, started banking, offered protection, and expandedterritory. In return, the middl e class payed taxes to the king. While t hismoney economy grew, the feudal lords were put into an economic squeeze. As onemay see, that didnt leave much of a place for the nobles, who were rapidlylosing power. Another thing that contributed to their loss of power was theenforcement of Common Law, which applied throughout the kingdom.The effects of the blow Years War hastened the decline of the feudalsystem. The use of the longbow and firearms made the feudal methods of fightingobsolete. Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with national armies made up ofhired soldiers. Finally, threats to the monarchy decreased as a result of thelarge number of nobles killed in the war.Another major factor that contributed to the end of the Middle Ages wasthe declination of the Churchs power over the nation-states. Conflicts betweenthe papacy and the monarchy over political matters resulted deal losing faithin the Church. Events like the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism pull ahead weakened t he Churchs influence over the peole. Aside from that, dealwere disgusted at the actions of the corrupt church officials. They wouldcharge the people money for all church services, and they also allowed churchpositions to be bought. The princely lifestyle of the clergy further erodedregard for the church. While some still believed that religion held all theanswers, others were beginning to put faith into reason and science. Theuncertainty of the existance of God made people question the Church. Perhapsone of the most vital blows to the Church was the printing of the Bible in the

The Big Bang Theory Essay -- Science Astronomy Scientific Essays

The Big Bang TheoryThere arrest been many theories concerning what the universe looks like, how it became this way, and where it is going. The most popular theory that the great unwashed hold today is that the universe began when all the matter ever present in the universe was contained in a tiny speck and that spec exploded. This is cognize as the Big Bang. This theory has developed a great deal since it was first conceptualized and continues to evolve today. Many different scientists have had a hand in this.Throughout time people have held different ideas of what the universe looks like, from the Aristotelian universe centered around the Earth to the Copernican universe with our Sun at the center. After Sir Isaac newfangledton invented physics, natural philosophers started to think that perhaps at one time there were no planets or stars but a cloud of matter. therefore the gravity that is inherent to matter, which is what Newton explained, pulled the matter together into clumps and that is how the stars and planets formed.There has also been the question of how old the universe is. Until the theory of the Big Bang the most astray held belief was that which the Catholic church taught, that is that the world was created on October 23 at 9 oclock in the morning 4004BCE. This is the date that Newton himself would have been taught. This was obtained by Archbishop James Ussher going through the Bible and recounting the generations of people born from Adam and Eve all the way up to Jesus. Scientists sooner the publication of Newtons Principia did not argue this number, simply beca manipulation they had no way of testing and refuting it. (Gribbin, 11)After Newtons work, the scientific community finally had a place to start. Newton himself stated that a ... ...tant because it gives us a good scientific basis for the beginning of the universe and a tool to use to see how it will progress. The big bang may not give a beginning as precise as 9 oclock October 23 4 004 BCE, but we truly do believe that it is a great deal more accurate.References- Gribbin, John. The Birth of Time. Yale University Press. New Haven. 1999. pp.221- Goldsmith, Donald. The Runaway Universe. Perseus Books. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2000. pp. 222- Parker, Barry. The Vindication of the Bid Bang. Plenum Press. New York. 1993. pp. 339- Trefil, James S. The Moment of Creation, Charles Scribners Sons. New York. 1983. pp. 217- Schaefer Dr. Henry Fritz III. The Real Issue, Stephen Hawking, The Big Bang, and God. 1994. Online. n. page Apr 20 2001. Available http//www.leaderu.com/real/ri9404/bigbang.html

The Big Bang Theory Essay -- Science Astronomy Scientific Essays

The Big Bang TheoryThere progress to been many theories concerning what the universe looks like, how it became this way, and where it is going. The most popular theory that population hold today is that the universe began when all the matter ever present in the universe was contained in a tiny speck and that spec exploded. This is know as the Big Bang. This theory has developed a great deal since it was first conceptualized and continues to evolve today. Many different scientists have had a hand in this.Throughout time people have held different ideas of what the universe looks like, from the Aristotelian universe centered around the Earth to the Copernican universe with our Sun at the center. After Sir Isaac naturalton invented physics, natural philosophers started to think that perhaps at one time there were no planets or stars but a cloud of matter. thence the gravity that is inherent to matter, which is what Newton explained, pulled the matter together into clumps and that is how the stars and planets formed.There has also been the question of how old the universe is. Until the theory of the Big Bang the most astray held belief was that which the Catholic church taught, that is that the world was created on October 23 at 9 o time in the morning 4004BCE. This is the date that Newton himself would have been taught. This was obtained by Archbishop James Ussher going through the Bible and recounting the generations of people born from Adam and Eve all the way up to Jesus. Scientists originally the publication of Newtons Principia did not argue this number, simply beca enforce they had no way of testing and refuting it. (Gribbin, 11)After Newtons work, the scientific community last had a place to start. Newton himself stated that a ... ...tant because it gives us a good scientific basis for the beginning of the universe and a tool to use to see how it will progress. The big bang may not give a beginning as precise as 9 oclock October 23 4004 BCE, but we t ruly do believe that it is a great deal more accurate.References- Gribbin, John. The Birth of Time. Yale University Press. New Haven. 1999. pp.221- Goldsmith, Donald. The Runaway Universe. Perseus Books. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 2000. pp. 222- Parker, Barry. The Vindication of the Bid Bang. Plenum Press. New York. 1993. pp. 339- Trefil, James S. The Moment of Creation, Charles Scribners Sons. New York. 1983. pp. 217- Schaefer Dr. Henry Fritz III. The Real Issue, Stephen Hawking, The Big Bang, and God. 1994. Online. n. page Apr 20 2001. Available http//www.leaderu.com/real/ri9404/bigbang.html

All the Worlds a Stage by William Shakespeare Essay

All The Worlds a Stage by William Shakespeare is a short poetry comparing our broods and the many stages we drive home to a agency play and the many rolls an actor plays in them. William Shakespeare identifies the seven stages a someone goes done and through in feel. Infancy, the stage where he is a bollix up introduced to the world, crying and excrete in the nurses arms. Childhood, this is the stage where he is growing up and starting school with no enthusiasm. The yellowish brown, this is the stage where he has a mistress and falls in love with her, spot he tries to sing her a song he cant look into her eyes because hes so shy.The soldier is when he tries to keep his reputation cerebration less of himself and more of others, and always being ready to fight. The yetice stage is where he has gained wisdom and prosperity by the many experiences he had in support. The old age stage is when he begins to lose his charm physically and mentally, he similarly loses his firmn ess and personality. Finally, physical and mental lose and death, he begins to become dependent on others like a child and needs constant help from others to perform any tasks he slowly loses his teeth, eyesight, and taste, until he finally dies.In this paper I will analyze the way William Shakespeare compares a persons life and its many stages to a theatrical stage and the many rolls and actor performs, his tone, how he uses explicit details, imagery, repetition, consonance, and any other figurative language he uses in this poem. intent The tone in this poem in my opinion is that William Shakespeare feels as if everyone ends up the way people do just because we all go through life as if we were actors on a stage reading a leger knowing every step to take till the very end.He is judge of death, he knows that everyone goes through every single stage of life assuming they know what do to do next, but no one really does. I came to this conclusion because Shakespeare shows no type of anger or excitement throughout the poem. He is neutral he is neither afraid of death nor excited astir(predicate) it. He feels as if everyone has a purpose in life and to find that purpose you aim to go through every stage. It doesnt count how self-confident you are, how hard you try, or how fast you get through each stage, everyone will always end the same way, dying.Shakespeare knows you cannot skip this part of life no matter who you are. One can only enjoy the time you have and wait for your time to come. He understands no ones life is fully arrest until you go through your final stage of life and die. Imagery William Shakespeare uses a lot of very strong visual imagery though out his poem. In line 7-9 one can visualize a little boy in the morning, tired and very slowly dragging himself to school with his satchel, when he says the whining schoolboy, with his satchel and undimmed morning face, creeping like a snail unwillingly to school. Another sense of strong imagery is in line 5-6, when he says at first, the infant, mewling and puking in the nurses arms. In this line one can easily picture a nurse holding a baby who just came into this world for the first time, whining, squirming, and puking in her arms. In line 9-11 William Shakespeare says the lover sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad made to his mistress eyebrow. Here he explains that the lover wrote his mistress a song like poem to express his love to her, but his too shy to look her in the eyes while he sings to her.William Shakespeare uses the entire poem All the Worlds a Stage as a metaphor to compare the stages of life to a theatrical stage. He explains how the rolls we play throughout our lives are like the rolls an actor plays on stage. He makes sure to say that no one is ever the same person their entire life, just as an actor doesnt stay the same throughout a play. William Shakespeare uses strong imagery and metaphor in the poem for us to picture images every stage and how we change all throughout them as we read. Sound Sound is a very big part of this poem, because he uses a specific structure, some rhyme and repetition.The structure of this poem is very important because each stage is in order. He goes from infant, to schoolboy, to lover, to soldier, to justice, to old age, and finally death. For ones life to start you must be born into this world as an infant then you slowly grow into a schoolboy, become a lover and then a soldier trying to keep your reputation. You gain wisdom and justice and then you grow into old age where you lose your appearance physically and mentally. Lastly you become dependent on others and eventually your life is over.This poem also has some rhyme in it but not much. You will not find rhyme in the same line. In line 7 he uses the word whining and in line 8 he uses the word incandescence to describe the schoolboy, which both words rhyme with each other. He doesnt feel the need to have to rhyme so much in this poem for one to fully understand the metaphor he is conveying. He also uses repetition in the last line of the poem. As he says sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything he repeats sans to let you know he has lost his teeth, eyes, taste, everything as he dies.Theme The theme to All the Worlds a Stage in my opinion is live life to the fullest with no regrets. Everyone should have their own life, and do their own thing. No one should have the same routine every single day, thats boring. Be spontaneous, do things youd never imagine doing. Youd be surprised at the many things one can do in this world at any age we just have to be willing to leave our comfort zone and let loose. One should not let another person take over their life for any reason.We should have control of it, and be able to do what we want when we want, and not have to ask for permission. Not everyone goes through each stage of life at the same time, it shouldnt matter how old one is. One should always have time to laugh and have a good time at any time no matter what. In this poem it is very clear that William Shakespeare wants you to understand how one goes through life. One usually goes through life making choices behind choices, living off your decisions and its consequences. We each have our own routine we follow day by day, even if we dont always notice it.Its as if were a character in a play and we follow a script we memorize every day, until something unexpected happens and our role changes. We have to accommodate the new situation into our schedule and try to make it work. We also have time to pierce in some fun and live. We tend to surprise ourselves from time to time to shake up our lives a little. If you go through your whole life thinking what if isnt healthy, you need to take a risk and throw yourself out there. Have fun and live your life while you still have it.

Philips vs. Matsushita: A New Century, a New Round Essay

1. How did Phillips become the leading consumer electronics beau monde in the world?Philips started its problem in 1892 in Eindhoven with its basic reaping, a light bulb. The company focused on only producing light bulbs at the beginning, and could therefore specialize and create probatory innovations. The rapid growth to being the leader in industrial research, helped to broaden its product line. During the post war era Philips gained success and the company was able to accommodate to country-specific mart conditions. This helped Philips expand to other countries and too generated in a broadened sales volume. Phillips also developed National Organizations (NOs) in different countries, which helped to serve other markets more than easily. NOs were after the Second World War helpful to distribute products to the customer while taking care of specific customer exigency as well as country and market needs. This greatly increased self-sufficiency. The companys change to a multi- national company in the 1930s was also a specific point why Phillips was the leading consumer electronics company.How did Matsushita succeed in displacing Philips as No. 1?Matsushita focused its competitiveness in high quality, busted cost, and standardized products during the 1970s and 1980s. Also they had rapid product and process innovation and their company wanted to focus on exporting sales to world markets. Matsushita equal 40% of appliance stores in Japan as they capitalized greatly on their broad line of 5,000 products by opening 25,000 domestic retail outlets. This resulted in a direct access to market trends and consumer reaction as well as an increase in sales volume. Being the first Japanese company to gain a divisional structure gave each division of the company a clearly defined profit responsibility. This structure created a small business surroundings to maintain growth and flexibility. It also generated competition amongst divisions. Matsushitas global organizat ional model centralized the product and process innovation and then the development and manufacturing of theproducts were the product divisions responsibility.What were its distinctive competencies and incompetence?Philips competenciesAbility to adapt in Local market conditions, strong national organizations, employee centric values, 14 product divisions (PDs), and NOs build their own technical capabilities and product development PhilipsIncompetenceNo Economy of scale in manufacturing, many technological innovations, but its ability to bring products to market was weak. Difficulties in reorganizing the company when dealing with its growing problems.Matsushita competenciesBroad line of Products, Centralized structure, Fast followers strategy Matsushita incompetenciesThe tough leadership, Lack of resources for new development, softness to compete with other companies that outsourced to low cost factories.Why is the change so hard for both Matsushita and Philips? What recommendatio ns would you make to Gerald Kleisterlee? And to Kunio Nakamura?The change was hard due to the difficulty of changing a company with a strong history and culture without changing the companies core values. As the changes were radical and made the companies change to a new sort of acting and thinking, the companies had a hard time following and adapting to these changes which altered the core of the companies.Recommendations for PhilipsAs Philips success initially was in developing new products, though they were non able to successfully introduce them in the markets, this is an area they should exploit further. Also in this area they have capabilities that competitors do not possess. They need a smash relationship and coherence between the NOs, PDs and the head quarter to be able to successfully introduce new technologies and products to the market. Also they need to make the whole company adopt the product and not just parts of it. Once they achieve a better coherence they can co ncentrate on improving their corporatemarketing strategy to better position the new products. As Philips is a decentralized company they should work on being more towards a centralized company. They should also not give up its value proposition of being a technology developer and global marketer, which could be the result of outsourcing the majority of its production.Recommendations for MatsushitaAs Matsushita had a centralized organization, which was a large disadvantage and a reason for slow market responsiveness, they should work towards a more decentralized organization. Matsushita will need to anticipate on the globalization of the market, so that they are capable of sustaining their competitive advantage in low-cost production. To strengthen their position they need to focus on coherence between subsidiaries and headquarters.

What Are the Sources of External and Internal Motivation for People?

What are the sources of inner and external indigences for large numbers action? Xu Zhijun 24087 Warsaw School of accessible Sciences and Humanities Motivation is the reason of people starting, directing and maintaining activities, not the result (Zimbardo, Johnson & Weber, 2000). The reason why people take action bottom of the inning be disparate basic completelyy there are two big aspects internecine and external motivation. Internal motivation is to do something for your own sake. It nookie be your personality conjure or the value which you pursue its very similar with intrinsic motivation.The external motivation is to do something for others sake. It sounds similar with extrinsic motivation, alone it is a different concept which I go away present precisely. I suggest if people want to change or maintain some specific behaviors, the best way is to transfer the external motivation into internal motivation. According to Maslows humanistic theory (1943), there is a pyramid of leases appear people to fulfill. The first level biological aspect, needs for food, water, oxygen, rest, sexual expression, turf out from tension. mess look for food to eat when they are hungry or they are below big pressure, food can help them release the tension at the moment. And people choose dance, sing or talk to their close people to release their tension as well. People sleep when they are tired. People name sexual life be vitrine they have sexual drive. Each organism seek a state of balance homeostasis. (Hull, 1943, 1952). The second level is safety. It means needs for security, comfort, tranquility, freedom from fear.When facing threaten, may hurt, people will automatically try to avoid. Seeing a sharp blade falling down, people will evade. Anthony Robin said, Im scared, so I have to take action right at one time run to the direction which I want. The third level is attachment. It means needs for belong, to affiliate, to love and be loved. Human are social ani mals, thats the reason people dont want loneliness. When people feel lonely, they meet friends, talk to others or even will make more than effort to keep in contact with others.People need love others and in turn they need to be loved. The forth level is esteem. It means needs for confidence, sense of worth and competence, self-esteem and view of others. People need others acceptance. People need confidence. Without confidence, people couldnt accomplish any goals. So people are seeking ways to be confidence. People positively take action to prove they are not worthless(prenominal) in this world. The fifth level is self-actualization, it means needs to fulfill potential, have important goals.When people meet all four levels described above, they pursue the value of life by self-actualization. These are the nature of human being. These points we can call internal motivation people are born with this priority oriented character. People take action for pursuing the pleasure and avoid ing the pain(Epicurus 341BC), and avoiding the pain can be more influential on peoples action. The reason of people cannot be motivated to act is just his need for happiness is not big decent he can still hold the pain of threatens. (Mood Story, August 30th, 2007).Consider how the self influences our memory, a phenomenon have sexn as the self-reference effect when information is relevant to our self-concepts, we process it chop-chop and remember it well (Higgins & Bargh, 1987 Kuiper & Rogers, 1979 Symons &Johnson, 1997). The more self-relevant, we connect outside with ourselves, the more effectively on our behaviors. Whatever the reinforcement is, if we take it to our mind, analyze it, and then digest it, it would forge efficiently next time, and we may be more motivated. Based on locus manoeuver (Rotter 1973), people are divided into two aspects, one is internal and the other one is external.The internal people believe they control their own destiny. They contribute the fault to themselves and more self centered. The external people feel occur or outside forces determine their fate . The external people attribute the error to the environment. Those who see themselves as internally controlled are more managely to do well in school, successfully stop smoking, wear seat belts, deal with marital problems directly, earn a demonstrable income, and delay instant gratification to happen upon long-term goals (Findley & Cooper, 1983 Lefcourt, 1982 Miller & others, 1986).Previous research has shown that internals to have better mental health than externals (in terms of being less likely to be suffering from neuroses or psychoses), to have more self control, and to be more achievement oriented (Lefcourt, 1966 Joe, 1971). And employees who are internal locus of control are more motivated to work than externals , death penalty better, and see working hard as being instrumental in obtaining what they want(Lauri, 1975). In other words these internals, who see thems elves as controller, or we can feel out they connect outside more with themselves than externals.External motivation here I regard it as doing something for outside world. Any rewards, punishments, pressure, responsibility and obligation from others can motivate people, cause peoples action as well. Through the rewards and punishments, what we fixate is more about the capables emotion, is about their expectation for us. A reward can be a compliment, praise, an ice-crime, or bonus for hard-working employee. This is the way they give and try to influence us. But how we understand it and whether we get the essence are not certain, and couldnt be slow predict.In October, 2008, there was a thirteen- stratum boy, couldnt bear the pressure from both school and family, went to suicide just because of being frightened to get physical punishment. He left wing a letter and poisoned himself. ( Anhui Court Net, 2008). It was a very sad news, but on the other hand, we realized that if we on ly give stimulation without central send off persuasion, and no object relevant explanation, the result may go to another direction which we dont want to see. When people dont know about new things, they learn from the others.It is one aspect of learning theory called classical conditioning. When people were young, all of us may experienced that if we did a considerably job, parents would give us some benefits as reward, this method may encourage us to do the same thing again in order to get the reward which we want from parents or we didnt do well on which parents requested, we would get punishment soon. The general thesis here is that internal motivation activates that subject sufficiently to produce a entire range of responses. If one of these responses leads to a reward, i. e. a reduction of drive, the tendency to repeat that response will be increased. The wide range of irrelevant activities is gradually narrowed as the tendency to make the rewarded response is increased, un til the subject is directly and efficiently performing the response that leads to the reward (Kendler, 1952). In Chinese society, small childrens parents are discussing intensely about whether reward is more effective or punishment on teaching their child. There is a very famous saying which many parents take it as a mottospare the rod and spoil the child.It emphasizes the negative reinforcements importance. We can understand it in the sense that punishment can bring the good result. It happens. In 2005, there was an Asian Youth Piano Competition a thirteen- year girl won four champions, two silver medals. Her father said he slapped his daughter over 400 times during her training. It was so terrible to collect that. Maybe in the US, this father would definitely be arrested. However, this father then regretted, and this small girl became love piano by her real heart. I turn over here is a very important element during the transformation, which is time.Non-stop stimulation can chang e peoples inner interests to keep some particular behaviors. This hagridden girl gradually fell in love with piano. Time allows her to think about the piano geting and within her grown up, she may got confidence, high self-esteem, keep from playing or even self actualization, she has love for piano now. Thats why she still holds onto it. If not, she would either quit or just work less productively. If the reinforcement has nothing to do with peoples embedded life interests or innate outlook, it will lose its effectiveness soon.A highly salient, task dependent on(p) reward is more detrimental to intrinsic interest than a relatively non-salient was investigated (Ross, 1975). Such stimulation would make the subject confused his real interest, his inner motivation love for doing something. We may experience that when we do something in which we are interested, we just do it for fun, for our own sake. Like leisure activities, such as cycling, playing the guitar, play the music. This point has similarity with intrinsic motivation. We can hold these activities for long time.We dont play for others its like our own free choice. We do it because we like it, we are good. I help you because I do it for my own pleasure, I didnt expect anything from you, and you dont have to give any substantial reward to me. I am on diet, just because I want to be more healthy, more energetic, I am not losing weight for kind others. I study because I want to get the knowledge from the book rather than follow the tendency to go to college. If anyone gives a feedback like a gift, some bonus which doesnt match our inner embedded life interests, it will change the way we used to be.It may confuse the real motivation of our behaviors. at one time the stimulation stops, the source of motivation will disappear too. Motivation is not a donation from the public, its a game, and the only player is you. Behaviors source is internal, all the stimulation from outside works by inside transformat ion. Social psychologists agree that our actions influence our attitudes. (David G. Myers2009 P98), thoughts decide actions (Diao, 2004). Behavior and thoughts interact in mutual ways. Behavior can change the thoughts, and the thoughts will lead the behavior.Baker and Brownell (2000) suggested that exercise may play a key role in long term weight management by influencing psychological aspects like self-efficacy, body image, or mood. And increased general self-determination and exercise motivation seem to facilitate improvements in eating self-regulation during weight control in women. (Mata, Silva &Vieira2009) Persuasion researchers Richard Petty and John Cacioppo(2005) and Alice Eagly and Shelly Chaiken (1993) report that persuasion is likely occur via either a central or peripheral avenue. (Zimbardo et al. ) cerebrate on the arguments, explain clearly about the issue, this is central route to persuasion focusing on the cues that propel acceptance without much thinking is the p eripheral route to persuasion. As for central route, the audience is analytical and motivated the processing is elaborate, with high effort, the result is agree or counter argue persuasion is cogent arguments evoke enduring agreement. The other way goes peripheral route, the audience is not analytical or involved the processing, with low effort by using peripheral cues cues trigger liking and acceptance but often only temporarily.So I can assume that in order to maintain some sort of particular behaviors in a long term, we need a transformation in our mind. Transform those information which conveyed by others. Change the way we think that we want not you want. I do it for myself not for others. Whatever the value which you pursue, intellectual challenge, a comfortable lifestyle, prestige or even money, try to make that as your own desire. remark can change peoples behavior, but may not help keeping the behavior.Only if people realize by his heart he need to do for his own good, the stimulation matches with his inner pleasure, the action will maintain for long term. Perseverance derives from love, the very inner true feeling. This internal feeling will create passion, and willpower to support you taking action and keeping it. References 1, Guthrie,E. R(1934). Reward and Punishment. Psychological Review, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 450-460. 2, Mildred A. Hoge& Ruth J. Stocking(1912). A Note on the Relative repute of Punishment and Reward as Motives. Journal of Animal Behavior, Vol. 2,No. 1, pp. 43-50. 3, Michael Ross(1975).Salience Reward and infixed Motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1975, Vol. 32, No. 2, 245-254 4, Eisenberger, R. , Pierce, W. D. , & Cameron, J(1999). Effects of Rewards on native Motivation-Negative, Neutral, Positive Comment on Deci, Coestner, and Ryan(1999). Psychological Bulletin 1999, Vol. 125, No. 6, 677-691 5, Zimbardo, P. G. , Johnson, R. L. , & Weber, A. L. (2008). Psychology Core Concepts (Fifth Edition, 2008), Allyn and Bacon the United States of America Press 6, Myers, D. G(2000). Exploring Social Psychology(Second Edition, 2000). US McGraw-Hiller Press 7, Cameron, J. Pierce, D. W. , Banko, K. M. , & Gear, A. (2005). Achievement-Based Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation A Test of Cognitive Mediators. Journal of Educational Psychology 2005, Vol. 97, No. 4, 641-655 8, Gong, T. & Gu, T (2003). Being Afraid of Not Finishing Homework, A adolescent Went to Suicide. Retrieved from Anhui Court Net (2003). http//www. ahcourt. gov. cn/gb/ahgy_2004/fczs/sy/userobject1ai15932. html 9, Diao, Jianwei(2004). Directing Thoughts and Executing Thoughts-another interpretation of the relationship between thoughts and behavior. The Science of Social Psychology 2004, Vol. 19, No. 5, 74-76, 117

Nursing Information Expert Essay

Nursing is a profession within the health business sector that focuses on protecting and promoting health care. It involves prevention of illness, psychic trauma and treatment of human diseases. The breast feeding profession requires that data of patients should be kept and recorded in a manner that can allow for proper go over of patients. Some of the tasks that a nursing information expert is charged with include communicating and coordinating care with all other clinical disciplines, coordinating ladder planning, education and teaching transitions of care. They are also tasked with managing all information related to the nursing process and patient care delivery. According to (Gasserts, 1996), some of the roles of a nursing information expert include administration, leadership and management, analysis, consultation and research evaluation. These roles require that the nursing information expert should be very good in information keeping and analysis.Professional nurses use in formation and data in everyday practice not only to add value to various health organizations unless also to improve them. Some of the ways in which professional nurses use information and data to improve outcome include analyzing clinical and financial data, promoting and facilitating overture to resources and references, providing content to standardized languages and improving relationships between providers and recipients of health care (Clifford, 2001). Technology is the collection of tools such as machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans to foster their periodical activities in various fields.There has been a tremendous growth in technology in the healthcare sector. (Henneman, 2010) states that technology in the acute and critical care setting is typically equated with devices such as bedside monitors, computerized provider order entry (CPOE), bar-coding devices, mechanical ventilators, dialysis machines, point-of-care testing, ventricular assist devices, and computerized information systems. The type of technology therefore requisite for the care of each individual patient is very crucial to the recovery and the health of a patient. The analysis of information and data has been made very well for the nurses through the technology that has impacted very positively in the health sector. It is the combination of technology and handling of information that has brought about the reduction in mortality rates in various health organizations.ReferencesClifford, C. &. (2001). Pre- and post-test evaluation of a project to facilitate research. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Gasserts, P. a. (1996). Information Management in Nursing and wellness Care. Standards of practice and preparation for certification., 280-287. Henneman, E. A. (2010). Patient Safety and Technology. Patient Safety and Technology.

How the Octopus Close Season Affected Women’s Life in Rodrigues Essay

Rodrigues is a 108 squargon kilometre, volcanic originated island, located in the Indian Ocean at well-nigh 600 kilometres at the east of the mainland Mauritius. It is surrounded by coral reef forming a lagoon with a rich biodiversity, which as twice the size of the land It was one time cognise as the tenth district of Mauritius, up to the 10th of December 2002, where it attained the status of autonomy, governed by the Rodrigues Regional Assembly. The economy is mainly based on traditional fishing, low-scale farming, handicraft and an emerging tourism sector.One of the most common means of traditional fishing, is the famous octopus catch, which is mainly done by the Rodriguan women, known here as the piqueuse dourite. This is done at low tide where the fisherman equipped with iron rods, pace up and down the coral barrier, in search of a hole where nests the mollusc. The new government elected in February this year, expressed the wish to consolidate sustainable developments and pro tect local resources, for fodder protective covering and protection of the environment.In this connection a regulation was adopted by the Rodrigues Regional Assembly in July 2012 for the closure of octopus catch season as from August 2012 to October 2012. This program is a joint collaboration financed by Smartfish and the Rodrigues Regional assembly. Smartfish is a regional programme financed by the European Union and is implemented by the Indian Ocean Commission in collaboration with the Common Market for Eastern and southern Africa (COMESA) , the east African community (EAC) and the Intergovernmental Authority on phylogenesis ( IGAB).The Octopus fishers were called for a half day work in the interest of the environment against remuneration in read for them to cope with the loss of earnings. The fisherwoman at the ancestry of the project found a lot of difficulties to adapt with it. They used to sell their octopus on days where they go fishing and hence handling silver in sma ll quantities, spread over several days. In the program they were paid after a week of work. They found much trouble to front for the pay and had to adapt themselves to a new form of budgeting and a new form of saving in order to meet expenses for the coming days sooner next payment.For example Mrs Cupidon of Baladirou, a professional fisherwoman, who use to earn around Rs 300 each time she goes fishing, uses go to the nearby shop everyday where she buys food for the day and keeps around Rs 25 rupees to pay the electricity bill at the end of the month. Now being paid after a week pressure her to seek for credit and pay after one week, it has been hard for her to persuade the shop owner to grant her such service. Locating an octopus in the sea is reserved to expert eyes and intuition.Since young age many piqueuse dourite have been initiated to the skill of locating the octopuss next, to tackle it in order to force it out of its hiding place and to kill it in such a way as to avo id being hurt by the mollusc. When, they argon called to exert a new profession such as to build stone retaining walls, many of them were in trouble and could not adapt themselves. Moreover it was the first base time in their lives where they were placed below the supervision of a superior, where they had to be punctual and abide to the principles expected from a public worker. Many supervisors also xpressed the obstacles they had to outdo to make them respected and to impose laid principles.At a time during the programme cycle, there was a delay for payment, which had consequent and dramatic impulses on the lives of these fisherwomen. world not used to keep savings, many of them found themselves without food. Formerly a part of their catch was kept for own consumption, but with this program they consumed only food bought from the shop. There were also absentees at school due to the fact that many women were penny less and could not provide for basic daily needs of their children .In this project, the one who benefitted the most were the fisherwoman themselves who after the opening of the season found their catch being multiplied, where the volume and size of octopus was highly satisfactory, to the point that actually they are keen for the government to repeat the project this year. The venture of this government to implement this program is to be greatly saluted as it goes in the direction of sustainable development. stock-still some measures have to be tuned and re-adapted to suit the peculiarity of the way of living of the fisherwomen and decisions should be taken with their full collaboration.

Food processing Essay

Junk provender is a derisive slang term for fodder that is of little nutritional value and very much high in fat, excoriation, salt, and calorie. Junk forages typic all(prenominal)y contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vitamins or minerals. Foods rough-cutly considered toss a flair forages include flavour snack intellectual nourishments, gum, bottom of the inningdy, sweet desserts, fried fast nourishment, and sugary carbon taked beverages. Many foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and tacos git be considered either sizeable or fling food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods with the more highly processed items usually falling under the toss away food category.What is and is not junk food can in addition depend on the persons social class and social status, with wealthier people tending to withstand a broader definition while baseer-in scram consumers may nail fewer foods as junk food, especially certain ethnic foods . Junk food comp pinchs of anything that is quick, tasty, well- dour and fashionable. It seems to contrive engulfed every age every race and the newest entrants atomic number 18 babyren. Wafers, colas, pizzas and burgers be suddenly the most important thing. The commonest scenario is a child who returns from school and plunks himself in front of the television, faithfully accompanied by a bowl of wafers and a can of cola.Children suddenly seem to put one over stepped into a world of fast foods and vending machines, totally unaw argon of the havoc they are cr squandering for themselves. Most of the clock these junk foods contain colors that are laced with colors, those are often inedible, carcinogenic and harmful to the body. These foods can affect digestive systems, the effects of it emerging after some a(prenominal) years. Studies have open up that food can cause hypo activity and lapses of concentration in children. Not surprisingly, junk food not only has physiologic al repercussions, exclusively as well psychological ones far reaching ones that affect the childs intellect and personalities.Coping intelligently with their fareary needs increases their self-esteem, and encourages further discovery. schooling daylights are full of educational challenges that require foresightful attention spans and stamina. Poor nutritional habits can undermine these pre-requisites of learning, as well as eat the strength that children need for making friends, interacting with family, participating in sports and games or evidently feeling god about themselves. Junk foods are often eaten in rather of regular food. An essential Indian diet that consists of whole any(prenominal) chapattis and vegetables or snacks manage upmas and idlis.Not surprisingly eat junk food precedes to a sense of starvation both physically and mentally, as the feeling of satiation The survey points out that these convenience foods are preferred (86%) mainly by nuclear families w here both preserve and wife are working or by bachelors who wish to avoid hotel food or people who do not have time, patience or the expertise to prepare in a traditional method and contentment that comes after a wholesome meal is absent. Junk food does have some of the good things that the body needs for good wellness. And the body needs some salt, fat and sugar for thrust to burn while we work and play.However in like manner much fat, sugar and salt is bad for our health and eating lots of junk food will overload your body with these things. It is probably OK to eat junk food sometimes But people should look for foods that are low in fats and salt and sugar. HISTORY OF JUNK FOOD It all began with a push toward gravider convenience in an increasingly mechanized world. Electricity and then electronics brought with them an endless(prenominal) stream of new gadgets for the home, each promising to make manner easier in some way. Many of these time- and labor-saving devices were de stined for the kitchen.Factories, too, were retooled to streamline the manu detailure of everything, including food. JUNK Foods actually predates from the Industrial Revolution to the end of the 19th century with the discovery of powderpuff food like Burgers, tacos, doughnuts, potato chips, ae gaitd drinks and many more. Colonization is the reason for the intermitment and discovery of different food cultures, techniques of preparations and preservation. However, canned soups, fruits and vegetables, gelatin dessert mixes, c etc.up and other prepared condiments, pancake mixes, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals sweetened condensed milk started a new trend.After the First World War, in 1917 these and more found their way into the kitchens of eager young housewives, with manufacturers often promoting their innovative produces via free recipe books. Theres no denying that flavor, texture and nutrients suffered, but people began to rely on these conveniences, and their tastes simply chang ed to accommodate. It was, after all, an era of scientific progress. By 1937, as another world war threatened, the timing was perfect for the arrival of a processed, canned meat product called Spam. Currently celebrating its 75th anniversary, Spam was all but guaranteed to make a name for it when the U.S. government included it in war rations to be shipped overseas to allied troops. It was economical, had a long shelf life, needed no refrigeration, and was ready to eat straight from the can. The processed meat product won a place in pantries back home as well, and for all the same reasons. During wartime, women joined the workforce in unprecedented numbers to fill in for all the men-turned-soldiers. This left less time to cook, and many of the newly employed were ready for quick, cheap, modern and convenient time-savers at the end of the day.After the war, women (whether or not they were still employed out of doors the home) were encouraged to embrace the frozen, dehydrated, canne d and boxed foods that promised to save time in the progressive modern era and allow more time for new vacant optionsfor example, reflection television. Fast food franchises like McDonalds were opened in 1940 were overly gaining high popularity which promoted to the junk food culture. Richard McDonald, 1945 In India it came by the colonized countries and had a great impact on the cuisine in India. For e. g.Vada Pav, an Indian Fast food is an Indian and Portuguese influenced dish. The Vada is Indian but the Pav is a Portuguese preparation. In twentieth century, convenience foods continued to gain in popularity and fast foodthe ultimate convenience food joined the revolution. Fast-food chains reached from coast to coast and then approximately the world, from Boston to Bahrain. The mass of consumers had by now largely lost the connection between food and nutrition, and few thought much about ingesting foods to keep themselves healthy. What are the health effects of fast food?With t odays lives more on the go than ever, finding time for home cooked meals can be challenging. to begin with you throw in the towel and stop by the drive finished, its important to understand and consider the health effects that fast food has on children. Right now, in that location is already an fleshiness crisis facing Indian children. More kids than ever are leading sedentary lifestyles, eating less nutritious meals and are at risk (or experiencing) significant health problems like Type 2 diabetes, brass issues and other related health concerns that are dramatically more just in children than they are in adults.A Pediatrics involve found that children who indulge often in fast food are less apparent to consume as much fiber, milk and produce (all essential to a proceeds body) than children who didnt eat fast food. An International Journal of Respiratory practice of medicine has even more troubling findings. In the study, researchers surveyed 500,000 kids from 31 countrie s in two age groups ages 6 to 7 and ages 13 to 14. What they discovered was that children who ate fast food three or more times a week had greater instances in more chronic illnesses than previously thought specifically, more asthma, eczema, and rhinitis.This was the case whether the child at hand was obese or not. While many people understand the obvious connection to weight-related conditions of high calorie, high sodium fast foods, many are unaware of the effects on respiratory health. Despite best efforts, sometimes its simply the only option to grab something fast, so whats a parent to do? Be smarter about whats being ordered. Opt for side salads, apples, baked potatoes (go easy on toppings) and other produce and healthy side options that are beginning to regularly appear on the menus of most fast food restaurants.Be mindful of sauces skip signature sauces as these are often loaded with mayo and saturated fats and stick to mustard and light use of ketchup or BBQ sauce. Ask f or menu items without cheese. While these can all help a fast food experience be more healthful, the food from these restaurants will never be health foods. Instituting the practice of prepping in invoke or cooking healthy home meals so there are leftovers are great ways to skip the drive-thru and help your child lead a healthy life.Children who eat junk food three times a week have more severe asthma and eczema Teenagers who ate three or more helpings of junk food had a 39 per cent increased risk of severe asthma Children eating mainly fast food also a higher risk of severe eczema and severe rhinitis Asthma range have doubled in last 20 years as diets have become more centered on junk food Eating junk food could worsen asthma and eczema in children, researchers have warned. Those who ate more than three portions of fast food a week had more severe symptoms such as wheezing, runny nose and eyes, and itchy skin.Findings from an international study involving more than 100 countries, including the India, suggest fast food diets in the western world may be contributing to a rise in the conditions. Experts count the epidemic of asthma in developed countries could be linked to a move away from natural, fresh foods to fast foods as has happened here since the 1970s. Asthma rates in the India have doubled in the last 20 years at the same time as there has been a steady aggravate in key vitamins and minerals in childrens diets, while pulmonary tuberculosis of fats in oils and processed foods has soared.More than five million Indians suffer asthma, including 1. 4 million children, and the malady causes 70,000 hospital admissions and 14,000 deaths each year. In the latest study, researchers examined data concerning 319,000 13 and 14 year olds from 51 countries and 181,000 half a dozen and seven year olds from 31 different countries. The teenagers and parents of the six and seven year olds were questioned on symptoms of asthma, rhino conjunctivitis affecting the nose and eyes and eczema in the preceding 12 months.They were also asked about their diet and consumption of certain types of food already linked to protective or damaging effects on health, and frequency was measured as never, occasionally, once or twice a week and three or more times a week. Teenagers eating three or more helpings of burgers, chips and pizza each week had a 39 per cent increased risk of severe asthma, while children had a 27 per cent increased risk. Those eating mainly fast food also a higher risk of severe eczema and severe rhinitis, with symptoms of runny or blocked nose and itchy and watery eyes.Writing in the medical ledger Thorax, the researchers say if the link was proved to be causal, then the findings have major public health significance owing to the rising consumption of fast foods globally. But it is not clear whether the extra risk is caused by junk foods or a relative lack of fresh fruit and vegetables in the diet which are known to reduce the cha nces of breathing problems. The study also found that eating fruit could have a protective effect on children and adolescents. eat three or more portions a week was linked to a reduction in symptom severity of between 11 per cent among teens and 14 per cent in children.The researchers said Our takes suggest that fast food consumption may be contributing to the increasing prevalence of asthma, rhino conjunctivitis and eczema in adolescents and children. Previous research has shown that youngsters eating a Mediterranean diet high in fruit and vegetables have a lower risk of asthma. A team at St Georges Hospital Medical School, London, found good lung function was linked to high phthisiss of vitamins C, E and beta-carotene, citrus fruits, apples and fruit juice. It is thought that high intake of salt and fatty acids such as those found in margarines could also induce asthma.Malayka Rahman, research analysis and communications officer at Asthma UK, said This research adds to previous studies that suggest a persons diet can contribute to their risk of evolution asthma, and indicates the benefit of further research to settle down the effects that particular food groups can have on the chances of developing asthma or the impact it may have on severity. Evidence suggests that the vitamins and antioxidants found in fresh fruit and vegetables have a beneficial effect on asthma.Therefore, Asthma UK advises people with asthma to eat a healthy, balanced diet including five portions of fruit or vegetables every day, fish more than twice a week, and pulses more than once a week. Top 10 Dangerous complaints Caused by Junk Food Obesity Updated Article with Extra Information on Obesity infirmitys Junk food obesity is prevalent in the U. S. and it is extremely operose for the entire body, which was never intended to carry that much extra weight. Your heart will also end up working harder than it should, which eventually leads to obesity heart disease.There are also var ious other obesity diseases, the result of which can be fatal. IObesity Disease 1 Heart Disease. This is one of the deadliest and most common fast food obesity diseases. People with obesity usually have lower levels of good HDL cholesterol and higher levels of bad LDL cholesterol. This increases the risks of obesity heart disease tremendously. Obesity disease 2 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. This is the main cause of female infertility, and obese women have a much higher chance of developing this disorder. This obesity disease also results in inordinate hair growth and irregular menstrual cycles.Obesity Disease 3 Diabetes (Type 2). This is one of the fastest growing obesity diseases. What happens here is that your pancreas is unable to supply sufficient amounts of insulin to convert sugars into energy. This means that the unconverted sugar floats around the blood, which is very harmful. Obesity Disease 4 Dyslipidemia. This is a major fast food obesity related disease, which results bec ause of abnormally high trygliceride and LDL cholesterol levels. Dyslipidemia eventually leads to obesity heart disease. Obesity Disease 5 Sleep Apnea.This disorder means that you might actually stop breathing while sleeping, which causes you to wake up suddenly several times during the night. You may not even be aware of this disruption of sleep, but it hampers you from receiving proper sleep and results in daytime fatigue. Obesity Disease 6 Blounts Disease. This disorder occurs when an excessive amount of weight gets placed on growing bones, making it more prevalent in children. This is especially the case with the lower part of the body. Obesity Disease 7 Arthritis. This is a condition that is a result of strain on the joints for extended periods.Excessive body weight certainly causes such strain and makes arthritis develop in younger people. Obesity Disease 8 Respiratory Problems. Obesity makes your lungs work harder, so that they get the necessary oxygen where it is needed in a timely manner. Asthma is also more common in those who are obese. Obesity Disease 9 Stroke. When the arteries, which carry blood to the brain, get blocked, the end result is a stroke. Such blockages happen in obese people much more often, because they usually have high cholesterol and blood pressure, which contributes to blockages. Obesity Disease 10 Liver Damage.It is difficult for the body to deal with fast food obesity, because these foods usually do not get distributed appropriately. When this is the case, fat can build up around the liver, which may result in its inflammation, scarring, and even permanent damage. HOW MUCH IS EATEN TODAY BY INDIANS? There has been a major shift in food habits in the metropolitan cities, about 86% of households prefer to have instant food due to steep rise in dual income level and example of living, convenience, and influence of western countries, according to a survey undertaken by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (As socham).The survey on Ready to Eat Food in Metropolitan Cities is based on responses from 3,000 representative households with children or without children, nuclear family and bachelors mainly because many consumers in metros lead time-pressured lifestyles and have less time available for semiformal meals, as a result of which demand remains high for products which can be eaten on the go. In a survey, Assocham claims that Indian food processing marketplace will show fast paced growth in the next five years.It is also estimated that this food processing industry will show the annual growth of 40-60% in next five years. This all will be encouraged by changed trade rules and increased demand among the people. The survey points out that these convenience foods are preferred (86%) mainly by nuclear families where both husband and wife are working or by bachelors who wish to avoid hotel food or people who do not have time, patience or the expertise to prepare in a traditional method.Acc ording to the survey, metropolitans are the largest consumers of processed food and are going to be the biggest consumers of processed food because of their ever increasing per capita income and lifestyle which is also changing very rapidly, disclosed DS Rawat, secretary general, Assocham. major metropolitan cities in which answerers were interviewed by ASDF include Mumbai, Cochin, Chennai, Hyderabad, Indore, Patna, Pune, Delhi, Chandigarh and Dehradun and it was observed that there has been a surprising rise in the demand of packaged food in the Indian market, all this is because the lifestyle of people has changed drastically and also the factor that consumers opinion regarding their eating habits has changed in a significant manner. The majority of the working class also mentioned that its a boon to save time, energy and money by using these foods.Various foods helped to prevent the age-old traditional method of long preparation of grinding, cooking or fermenting for hours and h ence making the work faster. Even the manufacturers prepared the instant foods according to the taste of the consumers. Rawat said that the consumer spending rate on processed food had increased at an average rate of 7. 6% annually during the years 2008 to 2010 and this was expected to continue as the consumer expense would rise with an average of around 8. 6% till the year 2012.The survey highlighted that 85% of parents with children under five year are serving these easy-to-prepare meals at least 7-10 times per month due to increased pressures at work, and increasing complexity in other household management areas, they are actively looking for ways to simplify and save time, says majority of parents. About 92% of the nuclear family feel that they have less free time than in front they had kids, it is now a common fact that they are spending less time in the kitchen, and are turning to takeout, delivered food, and semi-prepared meals to help feed the family at mealtime.About 72% o f bachelors prefer the convenience food because of less cost, time and energy saving, convenience in preparation and consumption in the busy and hectic life. The very term instant means simple, fast, convenient and affordable food which is easy and fast to prepare besides being hygienic, free from microbial contamination and also convenient to eat, say the bachelors. Over 65% of working women revealed that the present trend changed the habits to foods which are simple and easy to digest.Hence, the existence of these foods fulfilled all the needs of modern human being. The food habitats in India have changed due to the western influence and the usage of these foods is also on the rise. These foods are widely used in catering industries as well as at homes. There are varieties of instant/ready-to-eat foods available in the market to choose from and they have been a part of everyday life, disclosed the ASSOCHAM survey.Food manufacturers have also started concentrating on manufacturing new innovative food products and ready to eat processed food so that it can keep up with the speed of ever changing taste of the consumers. This has also increased the demand of better quality food packaging, food processing and this increase in demand has increased the number of manufacturing units in India. The demand of processed food products such as juice based drinking concentrates, bottled water, organic food, herbal tea, fortified drinks and low fat dairy products have increased very much in last five years. transcribed foods, fast foods, frozen foods, instant products, dried foods, preserved foods, etc. all come under instant foods or ready-to-eat foods which has encouraged the introduction of a big range of ready to eat snacks, breakfast food, protein supplementary foods and many more, points the survey. Even though after being economical and convenient, 34% of the consumers prefer the traditional types of foods which are fresh and natural without any preservatives or arti ficial ingredients.About 42% of the respondent said that another advantage of instant foods that occupy less space in the kitchen or pantry, the amount of drudgery involved is less and there is a tremendous potential for commercial exploitation as it is a rising industry. 1) The majority of people prefer to purchase canned foods classified as ? Canned fruits (86%) ? canned vegetables (76%) ? Other canned products (85%) 2) Instant products These are again classified as ? Instant mixes (65%) ? instant powders (56%) 3) Table relishes e. g.Mayonnaise, ketchups, sauces, jams, jellies, marmalades (88%) 4) Dairy products milk powders, dairy products like curd, cheese, cream, dairy desserts, (89%) 5) Frozen foods These are of three types ? Chilled foods (dairy products, eggs, meat) (920%) ? Frozen foods (highly perishable foods) (95%) ? Freeze dried foods (Coffee, meals for explorers) (85%) 6) Baked products Biscuits, cookies cakes, breads and various other bakery items. (75%) 7) Snack fo ods They are classified as (65%) ? Jaggery based ? Cereal based ? Fried items 8) Beverages These are divided into (88%)? Alcoholic drinks (wine, beer) ? Non-alcoholic which include soft drinks and health drinks (fruit based and non-fruit based) 9) Pasta foods Vermicelli, noodles, macaroni, etc. , (82%) 10) Weaning foods Farex, Cerelac, Lactogen (86%) 11) Health conscious foods depending upon age, health, and gender. (75%) 12) Breakfast cereal foods These are fruit based and non-fruit based (42%) 13) Defatted groundnuts, tailored foods/fabricated foods, dehydrated fruits and vegetables (72%) BUT WHY DO WE EAT SO MUCH IF IT IS NOT GOOD FOR HEALTH?A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at the Scripps Research Institute in 2008 suggested that junk food consumption diversifys brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine or heroin. After many weeks with unlimited access to junk food, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pl easure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats ravening for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare. A 2007 British Journal of Nutrition study found that female those eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their offspring.Researchers from the University of Liverpool in the United Kingdom exposed 60 children, ages 9 to 11, to both food advertisements and toy advertisements, followed by a cartoon and free food. The children ate more after the food advertisements than after the commercials for toys, the study found. The obese children in the study increased their consumption of food the most after watching the food ads, compared to overweight children and normal-weight children. Of course, junk food is also readily available at restaurant chains across the coarse in the form of French fries, yellow-bellied nuggets, shakes, soda, etc.Not only are most fast foods not terribly healthy, one study indicates that there may be something about fast food that actually encourages gorging. In another study, from the Childrens Hospital in Boston, teens age 13-17 were cookn three types of fast-food meals (all including chicken nuggets, French fries, and cola). In one meal, the teens were served a lot of food at once. In another, a lot of food was served at the same time, but in smaller portions. And in the third test meal, a lot of food was served, but in smaller portions over 15-minute intervals.The researchers found that it didnt seem to yield how much food was served the teens still took in about half of their daily calorie needs in that one meal. The researchers suggested that certain factors inherent to fast food might promote overeating 1. They are a pleasure to our taste buds. They disembarrass stimulating chemicals such as Gamma Amino butric acid (GABA) or Dopamine. Or in case of synthetic chocolates, large amount endorphins are electric arcd 2. Junk food is way tastier than healthy food. Hence, it is high in palatability 3. colony plays a very important role when it comes to choosing junk food over healthy food.4. Another reason for junk food craving is the mood. It has been noticed that when you are overtly stressed you crave for sweet junk food like cakes, pastries, brownies or chocolates and it also provides a high amount of satisfaction as it provides a high number of calories in a small volume Junk food vs. red-blooded food It an age old war between healthy food and junk food. When it comes to choosing between health foods and junk foods, junk food has always won the race Whether we admit it or not, although we may start off our day with eating an apple, well end it with two to three slices of extra cheese pizza and coke.But why do we love junk food so much when we know that it is unhealthy for us? There are many reasons to which most of you will agree. Junk Food vs. Health Food Everyone loves greasy foods, but is they good for you? No All the fried foods, hamburgers, hot dogs and doughnuts we eat taste so good but are not healthy. Where is the nutrition? By hot up or over-cooking your food, you cook all of the nutrients out. Think of a Big Mac, with all the fat and calories going through your bloodstream. Not a good thought. All of the fats, calories, and stigma from the food will clog up your arteries and can cause other health problems too.There are many reasons why you should eat healthier foods before work and school. Some of the most important reasons are that you can concentrate better throughout the day, youre less hungry, and your study time is more productive. High-fiber foods release energy slowly, while high-sugar foods only give you a briefly burst of energy. Psychology Today also reports that good proteins, such as lean meats and nuts, can improve your brain function. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, raw or vexed vegetables, nuts, and foods made with whole wheat all help with keeping your body a nd brain healthy.Healthy foods help with concentration for school and work. Eating healthy also helps with energy levels and positive thinking. We all want to be able to focus on our day and get as much done as possible. By eating un-healthy foods and having lots of sugar you are more apt to feel sluggish, non-motivated, and feel poorly(predicate) about yourself. By eating healthier, you are able to focus longer on things and have a sense of accomplishment by having energy through the day. As we all know, many of the food commercials aimed at children are for foods high in fat, sugar, and/or salt, and low in nutritional value.And some research suggests that watching ads for processed foods encourages children to eat more. Food marketers have become increasingly successful in targeting children directly through ads for example, by using popular cartoon characters to endorse their products. Some people say that government measures are required to control obesity by restricting the f ood industry and its advertising practices. Hence the benefits of equilibrize or healthy food 1. Healthy foods like fruits and vegetables or whole wheat chapattis and bread are high in fiber content.Fibers release energy slowly, this food keeps our stomach full for a longer time and we feel less hungry through the day. High fiber foods also keep your gastro-intestinal tract healthy thus controlling your cholesterol and blood sugar level. 2. The proteins that you derive from lean meat and nuts improve your brain functions. Have veggies either steamed or stir-fried. They hold all the nutrients intact unlike fried foods which drain out the essential nutrients. 3. Healthy food is not processed, hence they are low on calories and do not lose out on essential nutritional values.Having multi-grain breads, sprouts, low fat diary items (like skimmed milk, home-made paneer or curd) and fruits will give you a good amount of nutrition. 4. Since these foods are low in calories and Trans fat, t herefore, it will help to control your weight. If you are overweight or obese, consult a load or nutritionist at the earliest and follow a high fiber low calorie diet strictly. 5. A daily diet of health and nutritional food will also give you a good heart preventing all sorts of heart diseases. It will also control your cholesterol, blood sugar level and blood pressure.You see healthy food not only supplies you with proteins, minerals and essential nutrients but also has many added benefits. No disadvantages at all, only with the riddance that it wont be able to meet your temptations. Statistics have shown that now-a-days children are fond of junk food more than adults. How many of them eat fruits with that much occupy as a plate of pizza? Children are a lot fussier about food but introducing them to healthy diet from the time they start eating can be a good start. Highly fatty junk foods will block their arteries and blood vessels leading to some serious diseases.Children learn a lot from adults. Therefore, its advisable that you hold back your temptations whenever you pass by any fast food joints. Control your temptations people, only then can you lead a happy life and give your child a healthy one. ARTICLES and LITERATURE VIEWS (Adapted from news www. Naturalnews. com) 1) Fish oil fats protect brain against damage caused by a junk food diet Friday, May 31, 2013 by Dr. John Phillip Medical nutrition scientists have written volumes that show how the nutrients from the foods we eat daily alter our genetic structure as well as the metabolism of every one of the trillions of cells in our body.Neurons in the brain are particularly susceptible to an accurately-delivered rank of nutrients and critical omega-3 fatty acid fats to help maintain memory, spatial learning and cognitive function. A number of past studies clearly demonstrate that eating one high-fat junk food meal from the typical fast food restaurant measurably changes the expression of genes that hel p control the development and spread of cancer, and the retention of critical short term memories as well.In fact, the excessive sugar content and hydrogenated fats from junk foods are known to disrupt insulin levels in the brain and displace essential omega-3 fats needed to construct and maintain cell structure and assist electrical and chemical messaging. A research team from the University of Liverpools Institute of Ageing and chronic Disease has published the result of a study in the British Journal of Nutrition that shows how fish oils could minimize the effects that junk food have on the brain.Over the past decade, researchers have demonstrated that high-fat and high-sugar diets could disrupt neurogenesis, a process that generates new nerve cells. Diets rich in omega-3 fats help prevent these negative effects by stimulating an area of the brain that controls feeding, learning and memory. Consuming fish or fish oil supplements supports normal hormone release after a junk food meal In the largest study to date, scientists accumulated data from 185 studies showing that omega.

Affects of High Blood Pressure

High lineage pressure increases the risk of heart indisposition and stroke. Hypertension risk factors include obesity, drinking also much alcohol, smoking, and family history. What is high railway line pressure? High family pressure, also known as hypertension, is the approximately common cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure refers to the squeeze of blood pushing against artery walls as it courses through the body. Like air in a tire or water in a hose, blood fills arteries to a certain capacity. Just as too much air pressure piece of ass violate a tire, high blood pressure can threaten healthy arteries and lead to life-threatening conditions such as heart disease and stroke. High blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke and a major cause of heart attack. In the U.S. alone, more than 30% of American adults have high blood pressure.Symptoms of high blood pressure? One of the most dangerous aspects of High blood pressure is that you may not know that you have it. In fac t, nearly one-third of people who have high blood pressure dont know it. The only way to know if your blood pressure is high is through regular checkups. This is especially important if you have a resolve relative who has high blood pressure. If your blood pressure is extremely high, there may be certain symptoms to look out for, including headaches, fatigue or confusion, hallucination problems, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and irregular breathing.Hypertensive crisis is a term for hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency. These two conditions occur when blood pressure becomes very high, possibly cause organ damage. Hypertensive urgency occurs when blood pressure spikes blood pressure readings are 180/110 or higher, but there is no damage to the bodys organs. Hypertensive emergency means blood pressure is so high that organ damage can occur. Blood pressure must be cut back immediately to prevent organ damage. This is done in an intensive care unitof a hospital.High b lood pressure is often called a silent disease because you usually dont know you have it there may be no outward symptoms or signs, so monitoring your blood pressure is really important. The only way to tell whether you have high blood pressure is to have your blood pressure measured with a blood pressure cuff. High blood pressure can cause a variety of medical problems from heart disease to stroke. It can also affect all systems of the body, including the digestive system.Some ways to bid high blood pressure are to lose extra pounds and watch your waistline, exercise regularly, eat a healty diet, reduce sodium in your diet, limit the beat of alcohol you drink, avoid tobacco products, cut back on caffeine, reduce your stress, and to monitor your blood pressure at home and make regular fastens appointments.

A critical appreciation of Keats’ “Ode to a Nightingale” Essay

John Keats, a poet of the romantic era, composed this poem in the spring of 1819. Being a poet of the Romantic era, he was a Nature lover, but instead of looking at at Nature as a guide or teacher, he was in pursuit of truelove within Nature. The romantic poets emphasized on emotions, they believed in the power of imagination and experimented with new ideas and concepts. Keats is gener exclusivelyy considered the just about tragic of the Romantic poets as he was faced by a series of pathetic experiences in his feel. The poem was written a few months after the expiration of the poets brother.Ode to a Nightingale is mavin of the five spring odes composed by Keats. He emphasized on sensuousness, that is, his works appealed to tout ensemble the five senses of sight, sound, touch, smell and taste. An ode is a lyric, which is lofty in style and is usually addressed formally to its subject. Hellenic and Roman mythology were inspiration for his poetry. Medieval elements and romances and Arthurian legends were incorporated into his poetry. He had the gift of a vivid and comely imagination that fills his poetry with a brilliant sense of imagery.The poet begins by explaining the nature and cause of the sadness he is experiencing. This sadness is converted into physical ache and drowsy numbness. He feels as if he capacity have consumed some sort of drug to ease his pain, this resembles the qualities of the Lethe, a river in Hades, the under creative activity, where the dead drank and went into total remission and lost all senses. The feeling is a result of the deep awareness of happiness of the nightingale he hears singing his resulting pleasure is so intense it has become painful.The nightingale is referred to the light winged Drayad of the steers, implying that it is a tree nymph. Dwelling amidst the phantom of the trees in a forest, it sings unconstrained. The poem shows the contrast between the poet, who is earthbound and the nightingale, which is free an d possesses on the face of it ethe original qualities. The poet uses alliterative sounds produced by the repetition of d (drowsy, dull, drunk and drains), m (my, muted, hemlock and minute) and p (pains, emptied, opiate, past).In the second stanza, Keats longs for some intoxicant, a drawing of vintage, which result help him to achieve a union with the nightingale, allowing him to forget his suffering and despair which depart take him out of the mutability of all experiences in the mortal instauration. To him, a glass of this wine will transport him into that joyous world of the nightingale. He says that this red wine, will inspire him more than the colourless amniotic fluid of the Hippocrene, which is the fountain of the muses, a source of poetic inspiration. He desires to be completely absorbed in the razzings song. He wants to fade away with the nightingale, to drown all his sorrows and miseries and forget the unhappiness, the unhappiness that the nightingale has never exp erienced.The nightingale, according to the poet has not been tainted by the weariness the fever and the fret and therefore would not be accustomed to human suffering or unhappiness. In the line to think is to be good of sorrow, Keats seems to imply that if a being has any perception of its goblin or its surroundings, hence it would certainly be habituated to misery. Keats then goes on to explain another cause of sadness that beauty is transient and it little by little loses its lustre. He standardizedwise explains that separation is inevitable and one will invariably have to be separated from his or her love ones. His desire to die is not because he treasured to be extinct but that he wanted to be in a world that is closed by contentment, that is, the birds world.Keats decides against relying on Bacchus, the Greek god of wine and instead hopes to rely on the viewless wings of Poesy. This shows that he compose wants to escape from the misery but instead of drinking he woul d rather escape through the world of fantasy and imagination. For him, the outlet to his pent up emotions is poetry. He says that whatever light or happiness that penetrates through the thick foliage in the forest, he will bask in its glory and accept with all humility.The fifth stanza continues with paradoxical ideas, although the natural beauty of his environment is physically denied from him, it is not withheld from his minds eye. The embalmed darkness signifies that darkness issoo involvement when one does not want to be disturbed and wishes peace. He says that the vegetation is so thick and he cannot see, but he is still able to describe the grass, the thicket and the fruit-tree tremendous as if they were commonly found in the material world. He says that the smell of the flowers was so sweet and so invigorating that the flies were intoxicated by their fragrance.Keats refers to the nightingale as a darkling this signifies the dark and sad feeling represented by the nightinga le. The poet realises that the ultimate form of escape from the troubles of life would be expiry. He realises that death will take away his pain and put and end to all his tribulations. He calls to death like a lover as he says, I have been half in love with easeful death. Death at such a moment, listening to the nightingale pouring forth its soul in ecstasy, would be an ultimate ending to his life. Keats, being a master of paradox, speaks of the natural art of the birds song which is associated with the high requiem which indicates mortality and the plaintive anthem is associated with mortality.In stanza seven, he says that although all universe must die, the nightingale is in a sense eternal through its song. He says that human life dies, but the beauty of something as special as the nightingales song will get laid forever. Keats thinks about the classical world of emperors and of Ruth, and considers how the song has been heard for many centuries. Keats also talks of Charmd mag ic casements, opening on the foam/ of perilous seas, in faery lands hopeless. This signifies that the song, a thing of beauty lasts forever and perhaps possesses the power of introducing one to a world of fantasy.With the use of the word forlorn , the poet is transported back into the world of reality. The phrase the fancy cannot cheat so well/ as she is famed to do, deceiving elf shows that the power of perception and imagination stimulated by the bird has cheated him and that it cannot take him away from the world that he is a part of. The same music, which instigated him to take his own life, now brings him back to the realm of reality. The song gradually fades out and is now buried deep /In the nextvalley -glades. Keats is unable to decipher the real world from the illusionary and wonders if the song was a vision or a waking dream. The vapid song is not a part of his world any longer and he is away from that world of stupor.The ode to a nightingale according to me is an amalga mation of an attempt to escape from the sorrows of life and an acceptance of the human conditions go with by human suffering. It showcases Keatss path to realisation and his transition beyond the mundane world which is full of sorrow / And leaden-eyed despairs to the mystical universe of Nature.

Addressing Inequality in the “Land of Opportunity”

The meaning or definition of what the States is, was, or could become is the primary(prenominal) subject that the deuce opposing divisions relate in Langston Hughes poem Let the States be America Again. Both voices acknowledge America is not the America that was envisioned by its founders/architects i.e. a state construct on the principles of freedom and equality, a land of opportunity for all.However, while the low voice simply calls for a recovery of the ideal America, the countenance voice, through articulations of the reality of social inequalities in America, argues for a reexamination of the give tongue to ideal, with the desired effect of making America The land that neer has been yet/And yet must bethe land where every man is free. (lines 19-20) Let America be America again (line 1) , the first loudspeaker system begins. To him, America was a dream of dreamers, a great strong land of love (line 7), where opportunity is real, and support is free/equality is in the a ir we breathe. (line 13) He assertively states his notions of what America ought to be. However, he fails to signalize what America has become instead. He also does not specify who the dreamers that dreamed America be, nor does he clarify who the we for whom equality. The choice of word again and the first speakers constant use of it suggest that to edit America to its right direction, one needs to reacquaint the state to the glories it once had.However the assertion of the indorse speaker of America as the never was contrasts the difference of position of the two speakers. The second speaker contests the accident that America had been the place where equality once reigned as he mumbles back to the first speaker that (Theres never been equality for me/Nor freedom in this homeland of the free.) (lines 15-16) The disillusionment or discontentment in the tone of the second speaker who claims he is one of the people who make America challenges the first speakers glory of America s past.Also read Was the American West a Land of Opportunity?The first speaker talks of freedom, equality for all but he/she could not even realize that thither could be an opposition or challenge to his/her claims so he/she asks Say, who are you that mumbles in the dark? /And who are you that draws your veil across the stars? (lines 17-18) when he/she hears mumbles as he/she spoke. The first speaker addresses the person as if their cosmos were hardly thought of as he/she talked about Americas past and future.The second voice introduces himself I am as the first voice is unable to recognize the second voice, who represents disenfranchised classes in America, the very reason America is not his ideal America, shows the first speakers position in the society he seeks altered he is an observer, not immersed in the reality of inequality and selective granting of rights, which the second voice knows first-hand. hike on, he states that he (they) originated the dream of America. He briefl y details Americas founders immigrants all, seeking escape from serfdom in the Old World, desiring a home of the free.According to the second voice, as America was founded by immigrants, and its industries and agriculture were built and maintained by laborers, these members of American society have a historically-supported claim to the freedom and equality deprived of them. The second speaker calls for a collective action of the people to rebuild America to be a place for the people, the dreamers who could call it the land of the free and not just for the few privileged people.The contesting ideas of the two voices/speakers in the poem about America stress that America as a country, as a word and even as a symbol for freedom and equality is a space of get by between those who have the luxury to contemplate an abstract America and those who are immersed with the reality of how oppressive America is to the working classes and the ones with racial distinctions.To one, America is the dream of vague dreamers meant for an unspecified mass. To the other, America is a state built by people wishing to escape oppression in their nations of origin. America could not just be painted in the perspective of one person and that discussion of freedom and equality could not be easily hoped for a country until one recognizes the problems faced by all sectors of the society.

Art and Craft

ruse has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, devising its designing difficult to abstract or quantify to any single opinion. This does non imply that the occasion of Art is vague, but that it has had many unique, different reasons for being created. Some of these functions of Art atomic number 18 provided in the following outline. The different purposes of cheat may be grouped according to those that are non- actuate, and those that are move (Levi-Strauss).Non-motivated functions of art The non-motivated purposes of art are those that are integral to being benignant, transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a specific external purpose. Aristotle said, Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature. 16 In this sense, Art, as creativity, is something humans moldiness do by their very nature (i. e. , no other species creates art), and is therefore beyond utility. Basic human instinct for harmony, balance, rhythm.Art at this level is not an ac tion or an object, but an internal reach of balance and harmony (beauty), and therefore an aspect of being human beyond utility. Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature. Next, there is the instinct for harmony and rhythm, meters being manifestly sections of rhythm. Persons, therefore, starting with this natural gift developed by degrees their special aptitudes, process their rude improvisations gave birth to Poetry. -Aristotle 17 Experience of the mysterious. Art provides a counseling to experience ones self in relation back to the universe. This experience may often come unmotivated, as one appreciates art, music or poetry. The most attractive thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. -Albert Einstein 18 Expression of the imagination. Art provide a means to express the imagination in non-grammatic ways that are not even to the formality of spoken or written language.Unlike words, which come in sequences and each of which have a definite meaning, art provides a range of forms, symbols and ideas with meanings that are maleable. Jupiters eagle as an example of art is not, like coherent (aesthetic) attributes of an object, the concept of the sublimity and majesty of creation, but rather something else something that gives the imagination an incentive to spread its flight over a unharmed host of kindred representations that provoke much thought than admits of expression in a concept determined by words.They furnish an aesthetic idea, which serves the above rational idea as a substitute for logical presentation, but with the proper function, however, of animating the mind by opening out for it a prospect into a field of kindred representations stretching beyond its ken. -Immanuel Kant19 Universal communication. Art allows the individual to express things toward the world as a whole. according to whom? Earth artists often create art in remote locations that will never be experienced by another perso n.The practice of placing a cairn, or pile of stones at the top of a mountain, is an example. (Note This need not suggest a subprogramicular view of God, or religion. ) Art created in this way is a form of communication between the individual and the world as a whole. citation needed Ritualistic and emblematic functions. In many cultures, art is used in rituals, performances and dances as a decoration or symbol. patch these often have no specific utilitarian (motivated) purpose, anthropologists know that they often serve a purpose at the level of meaning inside a particular culture.This meaning is not furnished by any one individual, but is often the result of many generations of change, and of a cosmological relationship within the culture. Most scholars who deal with rock paintings or objects recovered from prehistoric contexts that cannot be explained in utilitarian foothold and are thus categorized as decorative, ritual or symbolic, are aware of the trap be by the term art. -Silva Tomaskova20 Motivated functions of art Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artists or creator.These may be to bring about policy-making change, to comment on an aspect of society, to bewilder a specific emotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to illustrate another discipline, to (with commercial arts) to distribute a product, or simply as a form of communication. Communication. Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. As most forms of communication have an intent or intent directed toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts, such as scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication.Maps are another example. However, the content need not be scientific. Emotions, moods and feelings are also communicated through art. Art is a identify of artefacts or images with symbolic meanings as a means of communication. -Steve Mithen21 Art as entertainment. Art may render to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or socialise the viewer. This is often the function of the art industries of Motion Pictures and Video Games. The Avante-Garde. Art for political change.One of the defining functions of primal twentieth century art has been to use visual images to bring about political change. Art movements that had this goalDadaism, Surrealism, Russian Constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among othersare collectively referred to as the avante-garde arts. By contrast, the realistic attitude, inspired by positivism, from perfection Thomas Aquinas to Anatole France, clearly seems to me to be hostile to any intellectual or moral advancement. I loathe it, for it is made up of mediocrity, hate, and dull conceit.It is this attitude which today gives birth to these ridiculous books, these insulting plays. It unceasingly feeds on and derives strength from the newspapers and stultifies both science and art by assiduously flatter ing the lowest of tastes clearness bordering on stupidity, a dogs life. -Andre Breton (Surrealism)22 Art for psychological and healing purposes. Art is also used by art therapists, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists as art therapy. The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for example, is used to determine the personality and emotional surgical procedure of a patient.The end product is not the principal goal in this case, but rather a process of healing, through creative acts, is sought. The resultant piece of artwork may also offer acuteness into the troubles experienced by the subject and may suggest suitable approaches to be used in more conventional forms of psychiatric therapy. Art for social inquiry, subversion and/or anarchy. While similar to art for political change, subversive or deconstructivist art may seek to question aspects of society without any specific political goal. In this case, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect of society.