Population Seven Billion Essay Example for Free

Population Seven Billion Essay There will soon be seven billion people on the planet. By 2045, the global population is projected to reach nine billion. Can the planet take the strain? The first attempt to estimate the human population may have been carried out by Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century. Based on his calculations, Leeuwenhoek concluded triumphantly, there could not be more than 13.385 billion people on Earth a small number indeed compared with the 150 billion sperm cells of a single codfish. Historians now estimate that in Leeuwenhoek’s day, there were only half a billion or so humans on Earth. After rising very slowly for millennia, the number was just starting to take off. A century and a half later, when another scientist reported the discovery of human egg cells, the world’s population had doubled to more than a billion. A century after that, around 1930, it had doubled again to two billion. The acceleration since then has been astounding. Before the 20th century, no human had lived through a doubling of the human population, but there are people alive today who have seen it triple. According to the U.N. Population Division, by the end of 2011, there will be seven billion of us. The population explosion, though it is slowing, is far from over. Not only are people living longer, but so many women across the world are now in their childbearing years 1.8 billion that the global population will keep growing for another few decades at least, even though each woman is having fewer children than she would have had a generation ago. U.N. demographers project that the population may reach nine billion by the year 2045. The eventual tally will depend on the choices individual couples make when they engage in that most intimate of human acts, the one Leeuwenhoek interrupted so carelessly for the sake of science. With the population still growing by about 80 million each year, it is hard not to be alarmed. Right now on Earth, water tables are falling, soil is eroding, glaciers are melting, and fish stocks are vanishing. If developing countries follow the path blazed by wealthy countries such as clearing  forests, burning coal and oil, scattering fertilizers and pesticides, they too will be stepping hard on the planet’s natural resources. How exactly is this going to work? At certain time periods in history, a high fertility rate was important. In 18th-century Europe or early 20th-century Asia, when the average woman had six children, she was doing what it took to replace herself and her mate, because most of those children never reached adulthood. When child mortality declines, couples eventually have fewer children but that transition usually takes a generation at the very least. Today in developed countries, an average of 2.1 births per woman would maintain a steady population; in the developing world, â€Å"replacement fertility† is somewhat higher. In the time it takes for the birth-rate to settle into that new balance with the death rate, population explodes. The good news is high fertility rates currently only occur in around 16 per cent of the world’s population and mostly in Africa, according to Hania Zlotnik, director of the UN Population Division. In most of the world, however, family size has shrunk dramatically. The UN projects that the world will reach replacement fertility by 2030. â€Å"The population as a whole is on a path toward non-explosion which is good news,† Zlotnik says. The bad news is 2030 is two decades away and the largest generation of adolescents in history will then be entering their childbearing years. Even if each of those women has only two children, population will coast upward under its own momentum for another quarter of a century. One thing is certain: close to one in six of them will live in India. The goal in India should not be reducing fertility or population, Almas Ali of the Population Foundation told me when I spoke to him a few days later. â€Å"The goal should be to make the villages liveable,† he said. â€Å"Whenever we talk of population in India, even today, what comes to our mind is the increasing numbers and these numbers are looked at with fright. This phobia has penetrated the mind-set so much that all the focus is on reducing the number.† The Annual meeting of the Population Association of America (PAA) is one of the premier gatherings of the world’s demographers. Last April the  global population explosion was not on the agenda. â€Å"The problem has become a bit passà ©,† Hervà © Le Bras says. Demographers are generally confident that by the second half of this century we will be ending one unique era in history the population explosion and entering another, in which population will level out or even fall. From this, one can also draw a different conclusion, that fixating on population numbers is not the best way to confront the future. The number of people does matter, of course, but how people consume resources matters a lot more. The central challenge for the future of people and the planet is how to raise more of us out of poverty while reducing the impact each of us has on the planet.

Joyces Araby versus Updikes A & P Essay -- James Joyce John Updike

Joyce's "Araby" and Updike's "A & P": A Culture Hostile to Romance "Araby" by James Joyce and "A & P" by John Updike are two stories which, in spite of their many differences, have much in common. In both of these initiation stories, the protagonists move from one stage of life to another and encounter disillusionment along the way. Looking back upon his boyhood in Irish Catholic Dublin in the early 1900's, the narrator of "Araby"gives an account of his first failed love. Captivated by Mangan's older sister, the boy promises to bring her a gift from a bazaar that wears the mystical name of Araby. Sammy, a nineteen-year-old cashier at the local A & P in an unnamed coastal town north of Boston, narrates "A & P." Like Joyce's boy, Sammy also attempts to win the attention of a beautiful girl by making a chivalric gesture. In both cases, romance gives way to reality, and conflict occurs when the protagonist finds himself in discord with the values of the society in which he lives. Joyce's "Araby" and Updike's "A & P" are initiation stories in which the a dolescent protagonist comes into conflict with his culture. Both protagonists live in restrictive cultures. The narrator of "Araby" portrays the Dublin that he grew up in as grim and oppressed by Catholicism. He begins his story with a description of North Richmond Street, where the somber houses wear "brown imperturbable faces" and seem "conscious of the decent lives within them" (Joyce 728). In this description, Joyce links decency and a stifled life together. Filled with "cold empty gloomy rooms," the house where the boy resides reminds the reader of a tomb (729). A priest died in the back drawing room, and "air, musty from having been long enclosed," is associated with books... ...his infatuation and illusions? Chivalry has failed, both for Joyce's boy and for Sammy. Their efforts seem wasted, for their gallant gestures go unseen. However, Sammy's story leaves the reader hopeful. His fate has not yet been decided. Sammy loses his job but gains the title of "unsuspected hero" (737). He claims his right to be an individual in a puritanical, conservative, and uncompromising culture. In Joyce's "Araby" and Updike's "A & P," two boys replace their ideas of chivalry with modern-life realism and inch their way closer to manhood. Works Cited Joyce, James. "Araby." Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Eds. John Clifford and John Schilb. Boston: Bedford, 1999. 728-32. Updike, John. "A & P." Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Eds. John Clifford and John Schilb. Boston: Bedford, 1999. 733-37.

King Philip’s War Essay

King Philip’s War lasted from 1675 to 1676. It was the bloodiest conflict between American colonists and Indians in the 17th century New England. By 1600, colonial settlers no longer depended on the Indians for survival; therefore they pushed into Indian Territory in Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. To protect their lands, the Wampanoag chief, King Philip, also known as Metacom organized a federation of tribes, which in 1675 destroyed several frontier settlements. King Philip’s War was the beginning of the development of a greater American identity; the conflicts suffered by the colonists gave them a distinct identity than that of the subjects of the English crown. The first Thanksgiving feast took place in 1621. This celebration marked the partnership of the Native Americans and the colonists. That year, Massasoit signed a treaty with the Pilgrim governor promising to give aid against enemies; they maintained 40 years of peace. However after Massasoit died in 1661, this peace began to deteriorate. The population of the colonial settlers grew rapidly and soon they outnumbered the Indians. Therefore, Europeans and the Indians frequently fought overland. When Metacom became sachem he was amid Plymouth Colony’s demands for land. He was humiliated several times, and forced to admit guilt and surrender. He then soon became angry at the colonists because they forced him not to sell Wampanoag without seeking their council first. Benjamin Church is considered the father of  American ranging. He was the captain of the first  Ranger force in America. Church was commissioned by the Governor of the  Plymouth Colony  Josiah Winslow  to form the first ranger company for  King Philip’s War. He played a unique and crucial role in King Philip’s War because he developed friendship with Native Americans and worked to understand and learn from those who lived near his frontier home. Church designed his force primarily to emulate Indian patterns of war. Toward this end, he endeavored to learn to fight like Indians from Indians. Philip and his followers went to New York hoping to find recruit and supplies. However Edward Andros, the governor of New York feared that the war might spread to his colony, therefore, he formed allies with the Mohawks who were enemies of Wampanoag. The Mohawks attacked Philip’s forces, and he returned to the New England colonies. On Aug. 12, 1676, a Wampanoag informer named Alderman killed King Philip. Philip was beheaded and quartered, and his head was displayed on a pole in Plymouth for more than 20 years.

Death Of A Salesman Act 1 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 621 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Death Of A Salesman Essay Did you like this example? Willy heard flute music and remembered his dad. His dad was a salesman and a flute-maker. Willy was 63 and a salesman who traveled to multiple places. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Death Of A Salesman Act 1" essay for you Create order On a Monday Afternoon, Willy Loman came home from his business trip super early. He was tired. Linda, Willyrs wife, woke up and greeted him. Willy didnt want to talk about why he came home early. Linda irritated him by asking him what happened repeatedly. She asked if he was in a car accident. He became irritated and said that he didnt have one. He said he kept going into a trance when he was driving. He said that he opened his carrs windshield to look at nature. He looked at the flowers, the trees, the leaves on the ground, he felt the cozy air, and started daydreaming. He then lost focus on driving. Linda begged him to ask Howard Wagner, his boss, for a job where he doesnt have to travel, in New York. Linda and Willy talked about Happy and Biff, Linda and Willyrs sons. They were sleeping. Biff came from Texas. Willy judged Biff for doing manual labor on horse ranches and farms in the West because he was upset with him. He called him lazy and a bum. He then said that Biff wasnt lazy. Biff told happy that he wished he didnt have a fight with his dad. Happy wanted to know what Biff wanted to do with his life. Biff told happy that he wasnt happy at all. He also told him that he hates the business industry and competition. He thinks that farm work is better. Happy felt lonely because he didnt have a woman and a sufficient job. Happy and Biff imagined emigrating to the West to have a cattle and ranch and working in the sun. Biff gave up his desire for wealth. Happy couldnt give up his desire for money. Biff came home because he felt like he needed direction because he doesnt understand what he wants to do in life. He tried to be a shipping clerk and a salesman but it didnt work out because he doesnt want to be in business. Happy felt guilty because he slept with his buddies fiances and girlfriends. He took bribes from producers to display their goods. Biff chose to ask Bill Oliver, his ex-employer, for money to begin building a ranch. Biff thought that Bill blamed him for stealing basketballs but Happy told him that he will like him. His sons thought that he had another car accident because he was making rumbling noises, so they woke up. Willy remembered Happy and Biff, when they were younger, washing his car and playing football. Willy said that he is opening more huge business than Charleyrs. Charley isnt respected like Willy is. Bernard, Charleyrs son, came to study with Biff for math. Biff isnt passing math. Willy commanded Biff to study for math. Biff didnt want to. He distracted Willy. He showed Willy the badge for the University of Virginia on his shoes. It impressed Willy. Bernard said that the shoes dont mean that Biff is going to graduate. Bernard left. Willy asked Biff if Bernard was respected. Happy and Biff said that he was respected but not that respected. Willy told Linda he made $1200 by selling goods. Linda questioned him. He only made $200. Willy said that he couldnt make money because people did not respect him. Willy said that he jokes and talks a lot. Willy said that Charley is respected because he doesnt talk a lot. Willy thinks that people think that he is super fat. Linda told him that he was handsome. Willy told her he missed her a lot when he was on trips.

Harriet Jacobs s Death Is Better Than Slavery - 966 Words

One of the greatest and most influential woman of the 19th century, Harriet Jacobs once said, â€Å"Death is better than slavery.†Jacobs describes how cruel it was growing up as a woman in slavery during the antebellum period until they stopped searching for her and she was finally considered herself free. Through the twists and turns of Harriets life to understand how strong of a woman she truly was. Herein will be described the societal, cultural, and moral tasks Jacobs had to endure. Harriet was able to break through the barriers that society had put against race and class. She realizes that all women had shared a common bond and are both victims of a sexist, patriarchal society. Her book was able to awake sympathy among whites and gain their support for the anti-slavery movement. Harriets Jacobs had people knocking on her door asking questions about her experiences, and my escape from slavery after reading the book. She described how careful they all were not to say any thing that might wound her feelings. How gratifying this was, can be fully understood only by those who have been accustomed to be treated as if they were not included within the pale of human beings. Harriet’s autobiography described the reality and the situation of the African American women and the standards of womanhood. As a result, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl have a huge part in African American women s literature in particular. For women the that lived on the distant plantations was worseShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Male And Female Slave Experience1492 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Life of a Slave Girl and a True Tale of Slavery ï  ¶ Based on the writing of Harriet and John Jacobs, compare and contrast the experiences of male and female slaves. ïÆ'Ëœ Similaritiesï ¼Å¡ Harriet and John Jacobs described the arduous journey from slave society to liberty society. The first similarity is that both of the novels are written by Negro slave. They described the cruel experience in southern plantation and escape from the southern slavery to northern freedom. What is more, we can discoverRead MoreA Brief History of Harriet Jacobs575 Words   |  2 Pages As a slave and as a runaway, Harriet Jacobs suffered more psychological abuse than physical abuse. Harriet Jacobs had to withstand massive amounts of pain and psychological torture due to her place in society as a slave. Jacobs does not leave out the physical aspect of the suffering, however, she focuses more on the spiritual and emotional aspect of the slavery age. Although Jacobs had a relatively easy life in comparison to other slaves, she was deprived from basic human rights and necessitiesRead MoreEssay about Narrative on Frederick Douglass1322 Words   |  6 PagesDouglass Slavery was perhaps one of the most appalling tragedies in the history of The United States of America. To tell the people of the terrible facts, runaway slaves wrote their accounts of slavery down on paper and published it for the nation to read. Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs were just two of the many slaves who did this. Each of the slaves had different experiences with slavery, but they all had one thing in common: they tell of the abominable institution of slavery and how greatlyRead MoreHarriet Jacobs : A Strong Woman1367 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Jacobs was a strong woman who endured the hardships of slavery since childhood in the nineteenth century. She was treated well as a child, but when her mistress passed away, she was willed to her deceased mistress s niece. It was upon living with that family where she faced her greatest problem. In that household, she dealt with Dr. Flint s harassment and his wife s jealousy. Jacobs later on had a bay in hopes that it would lead a better life than she did. Through describing events, conversingRead MoreA Rose For A Slave Girl By Harriett Jacobs Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesJacobs, Harriet A., Lydia Maria Child, and Jean Fagan. Yellin. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1987. Print. Incidents in the life of a slave girl, is the authors autobiography of slavery. This book by Harriett Jacobs tells her story through her eyes from the suffering of enslavement by a territorial master, failed attempts to escape, and preservation of her family. These events took place between 1813-1897 in North Carolina, where slavesRead MoreFreedom Is Never Equal By Harriet Jacobs2085 Words   |  9 Pagesis! How do I know!? One word: Slavery! Freedom is never equal. That’s always been the reality. Let’s go back to the 1800s. Slavery was the basis of Southern society and robbed millions of African Americans of their freedom. So what did they do? They got it back. But, not every runaway slave dreamed of the same freedom. Between those who made it North and out of the Cotton Belt, there were various different perceptions of freedom. Two examples of this are Harriet Jacobs, a female slave from North CarolinaRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglas By Harriet Jacob2965 W ords   |  12 Pagesall but a dream, and those who dare to even dream or think are those who are not blind and know that freedom is their right. Slavery has weakened the back and soul of Frederick Douglas but surely not his mind and not even slavery can destroy the paramountcy of motherhood and community as Harriet Jacob’s simply shown. In after all, slavery has made Frederick a man and Harriet, a mother. In the â€Å"Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave,† by Frederick Douglass, it details a momentousRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs Narratives1756 Words   |  8 Pages The use of slavery was a source of cheap labor that plantation and business owners depended on. Most plantations resided in rural areas with hardly any neighbors, it was mostly land that surrounded the plantations. This allowed for the plantation owners to be cruel and vicious towards their slaves. Some torture usually ended up with major injuries from whipping or sometimes even death. In the Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs narratives, both of the stories took place in an urban or town settingRead MoreIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Essay example1095 Words   |  5 Pageshatred for slavery even worse than I had ever imagined. For freedom, she lay day after day in a place that she was unable to stand up and easily move around in (96). I thought about how she was so close to her children, but unable to share their young lives (96). I could almost feel the cold and heat from the open exposure of the â€Å"thin shingle roof† (98). This tears at my thoughts beyond my understanding. It is most memorable to me because she suffered more in her attempts to be free than she spokeRead More Interracial Figures of the American Renaissance Essay2691 Words   |  11 Pages      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay examines Cora from The Last of the Mohicans, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Ann Jacobs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Renaissance marks a period of social injustice and the fight of the minority to bring about social change. Women and African-Americans (who were freed or escaped from slavery) begin to gain a voice through literacy, and use that voice to start the movement to abolish slavery and gain women rights. The development of literacy makes it impossible to ignore women and African-Americans

Med Law and Bio Ethics - 598 Words

Med Law amp; Bioethics HS101 Unit Four Assignment, Zidlicky, Dawn A patient has just left the office after having an outpatient surgery procedure. As you get ready to put away the patient’s file, you realize that the patient has forgotten to take his prescriptions and after-care instruction sheets home with him. It is vital for proper healing and recovery for the patient to have these documents. You know you will have to contact this patient so you look inside for his contact information and signed HIPAA Release of Information form. †¢ Under HIPAA, are you legally allowed to view this patient’s medical information? Why or why not? Under HIPAA, you are not allowed to view this Patient’s Medical information. As I read in unit†¦show more content†¦The third thing as a receptionist you must make sure that none of your patient records are left open for other people to view. List 3 ways patient confidentiality is maintained in the reception/waiting area of a medical office. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2015, from http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=YYZ7PU7L †¢ A breach of confidentiality can result in what consequences for a health care professional? For a health care professional a breach of confidentiality can result in termination of the medical assistant or the other consequence could be a lawsuit filed by a citizen. Violation or breech can also have a devastating consequence on the hospitals reputation. Basically you can get sued the hospital can get sued and you can lose your license. Employee Consequences for Breach of Confidentiality. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/employee-consequences-breach-confidentiality-15476.html †¢ Identify and explain two exceptions to confidentiality in healthcare settings. Two exceptions to confidentiality in healthcare settings would be mental health patients and them presenting a serious threat to self or others. The Privacy Rule permits the care provider to disclose necessary patient information to law enforcement and family members. Another exception to confidentiality in a healthcare setting wouldShow MoreRelatedAssisted Reproductive Technology Essay2755 Words   |  12 Pagesusing (ART) can create a family who is genetically related. Today technology makes life easier and creates a hopeful possibility. Although, this technology has changed the way we view reproduction, we have to be concerned about health issues, ethics, and law (Geneticsandsocitey, Galpern 2007) In the United States in 1995 there were 1.2 million women, which 2 percent of 60.2 million of women who had infertility medical problems. There were several causes for this medical problem, the main oneRead MoreAn Intrinsic Investigation Into A Biological Issue Regarding Immunisation Essay3379 Words   |  14 PagesRyan Boult Bio 1.2 1 May 2015 Biology 1.2 An Intrinsic Investigation into a Biological Issue Regarding Immunisation Question: Is there any  legitimate ethical issues for rejecting immunisation and what is being done to educate the public? Introduction Vaccinations have been debated vinously within the last decade which has intrigued me ton investigate the ethical issues for refusing vaccination. In this report I shall cover history of vaccination and use it as context to contrast to the modernRead MoreEssay about Globalization and Infectious Disease3704 Words   |  15 Pagesgeographical boundaries (1). The various processes that have produced this phenomenon can be called globalization. There are many definitions of the term globalization; Delbruck 1993 defined globalization as a process of denationalization of markets, laws and politics, in the sense of interlacing people and individuals for the sake of common good(2). Fidler 1996 aptly described globalization as a complex process of, â€Å"political and economic intercourse between different sovereign states† on the premiseRead MoreChina in Africa Essay20116 Words   |  81 Pagesformalisation programmes must be implemented. To establish such programmes, ILD has devel oped a universal model including four stages that a country must go through if the aim is to take the big leap from informality to formal property rights and the rule of law. The ILD website gives the impression that this model has been implemented in 20–30 countries, but in reality no single country has gone through the four stages. This blueprint to development has, however, attracted the attention of many top politiciansRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesexperienced staff with a strong knowledge of the legalities of the industry, the chances of this occurring are reduced. However, even with this in place, on-going training for new or experience staff should also  be put in place. This training should cover ethics/morals as well as legal and process training. | | | | | RE: Intentional Tort | Gina Billups | 3/5/2013 2:13:56 PM | | | Donnetta, looking at your example of an intentional tort of battery, I would implement the following steps andRead MoreJob Analysis13751 Words   |  56 Pagesevaluation principles, methods and purposes; Knowledge of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures; 16 Knowledge of professional standards, laws, regulations and guidelines related to personnel assessment; Knowledge of professional literature sources for articles on personnel assessment; Knowledge of professional ethics and standards for professional practices and conduct; Knowledge of inferential statistics (significance testing, hypothesis testing); Knowledge of the principlesRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesHospitals; 340B Program Integrity Subtitle B—Programs Subtitle C—Food and Drug Administration Subtitle D—Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Subtitle E—Miscellaneous DIVISION D—INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO INDIAN LAWS TITLE II—IMPROVEMENT OF INDIAN HEALTH CARE PROVIDED UNDER THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 2 DIVISION A—AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE CHOICES 3 SEC. 100. PURPOSE; TABLE OF CONTENTS OF DIVISION; 1 4 GENERAL DEFINITIONS. rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PRODRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesTechnological: few clear in the case, but innovations around products such as ice-cold lager might be raised Environmental: few clear in the case, but packaging issues are likely to be important Legal: few clear in the case, but changes in licensing laws and permitted alcohol limits for driving are relevant. PESTELs can often seem somewhat inconclusive, so it is important to pull out key issues and conclusions. The increasing hostility to drinking (under P and L) and the rise of Asian economiesRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesadjusted his headset which blared Linkin Park music. The rhythmic music allowed him to wake up more easily. There was just one week left of school and Thomas still had no idea what he wanted to do for his career. He had excellent grades and work ethic but had no goal to work towards. He actually planned to work for a year, just to help get an idea of what he wanted to do. Thomas parents were very supportive and were more than willing to help him find his role in life. He always guessed he was meant

Electronic Arts Essay Thesis Example For Students

Electronic Arts Essay Thesis The report will evaluate the benefits and cost of the marketing approach in Electronic Arts. All information has to be submitted to Mrs Susan Campbell, the HON.. Course co-ordination on 25th October 2007. 2. PROCEDURE In order to analyses how the marketing concept elements are incorporated into Electronic Arts (EAI) overall business plan the following steps has to be taken: . Electronic Arts main web site has to accessed in order to obtain company business information. 2. 2 Internet and book resources have to be scrutinized to collect all relevant data about the Marketing Concept implementation. 2. 3 All aspects Of marketing concept has to be assessed against EAI policies and analyses company production, sales and promotion activities. 3. FINDINGS 3. 1 Satisfying Needs As the Key Business Element Electronic Arts started creating electronic entrainment software in 1982 and from that day the company grew rapidly becoming the one of world leaders in the industry. The number of employees increased from two people to 7,900 worldwide in the beginning of 2007. Marketing concept is based on analyzing and satisfying customers needs and the management team in EAI knows well that the business would not survived if those needs where not meet, Commitment to the customer is expressed in the company Code to Conduct as one to the Action Values which are the principles on which the entire business idea is based (see App. 1). Products for All Electronic Arts driven by marketing principle of meeting customer needs has created games which relate to nearly all aspects of human life. Sport, strategy, action games and even simulators Of everyday life (Sims) are all in the company games portfolio. EAI is not leaving any users without the access to their products and the company titles are available on all gaming platforms like Oxbow, Palpitations, Nintendo and PC. 3. 1. 2 Software Developers Many of existing staff in the company used to play the EAI games when they started creating their own pieces of work, so back in the days they where the customers 0 gamers who used to buy the company products. Nowadays as they are shaping new titles themselves and they know how important is to adapt to what the new generating of game fans is looking for, . 1. 3 Games Testers The company has a big number of professional C salary paid and amateur, game testers. These are the people who are giving Nan-biased opinion and guidelines on how the future products will be developed. The amateur testers are the selected from the gamers who take part in game tournaments all around the world, members of computer games conventions, players with best score and performance in Our-internet competitions as well randomly selected game buyers. . 2 Research Assessing Change in Customer Needs The world of electronic entertainment is evolving w? Rye fast and to keep with the interiors EAI marketing team needs to have access to customer feedback and fresh data on daily bases. The company uses primary and secondary research as well as the quantitative and qualitative research. Researches are used to identify mark et opportunities, improve marketing efficiency, quality of the software and service provided by the company. Electronic Arts uses surveys and questioners to gather data and feedback from the customers. Advice from testers is also very useful tool in developing products. All tooth gathered informations are used to prepare prognosis and sales simulations for completely new games ND new editions to existing titles. Marketing team analyses competitors moves by attending all industry expositions and conventions, 3. 3 33. 1 Integrated Marketing Product _ As emphasized by Jobber and F-aha (2002) The core element of the marketing mix is the companys product or service because this provides the functional requirements sought by the customers Electronic Arts products are offered to worldwide customers. .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 , .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .postImageUrl , .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 , .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14:hover , .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14:visited , .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14:active { border:0!important; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14:active , .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14 .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue612c59187ddf0ea00b86c47bf5fab14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Importance of Education EssayAll of the age groups are targeted and most Of the titles are available in the country Of sale With appropriate language version. All sorts of game types are manufactured by the many: sport games (branded EAI Sports) this include famous and race game Need for Speed, strategy games like Command Conquer series, action games like newly issued Crisis and all types of fun-family games i. E. Simms CLC a simulator of everyday life. Product range was recently extended by purchasing leading mobile phones game manufacturer JAMMED Inc and currently EAI group is the largest manufacturer of games for mobile phones, Software is extensively tested to ensure great playability and quality. 3. 3. 2 Place Games are sold by many different channels of distribution from big supermarket Haines like Tests or Wall-Mart to specialized software retailers including Game or PC World and directly through Internet shop on main company web site. For the future EAI is planning to increase sales on-line by creating internet megastars which will be available in different language versions. . 3. 3 Price To ensure that the products are competitive on the market EAI have to offered games at the price comparable to the market rivals. In this segment Of the market most of the competitors are using similar pricing technique C price of the game depends on the platform it is issued for. Newly released games for new consoles like Plantation 3 and Oxbow 360 would be most expensive. It could be called a gentle skimming technique. Gamers who are prepared to pay big money for the new console would also pay higher sums for new innovative game. Games and game consoles are complementary products so as long as the price of consoles is high, price of the games will usually stay up as well. 3. 3. 4 promotion Because of the huge competition in the industry there is a big emphasis on promotional efforts. Nowadays even best developed software without massive advertising may fade in the crowed of similar titles. Electronic Arts are prepared to spend big on promotion of their products. Sport games issued by the company are marketed with using the biggest names in the sport world. Company is hiring football stars like Reinhold or Wayne Rooney to promote their football series VIVA along world champion Tiger Woods who is promoting interactive golf game. 33. 5 Customer Orientation The idea Of marketing approach is spread through out the entire company. Electronic Arts puts an emphasis on all staff to maintain highest standards of work and in order to deliver best possible product for the final customer _ Pro- active approach is in place and starting from software developer through sales people up to board Of directors all are treating they co-workers as they own customers. This approach gave effect of $3. 09 billion revenue for financial year 2007 and over 24 titles which sold in more than one million copies. 3. 4 Customer Satisfaction Feedback trot customers and the way they are reacting to new releases is very important for proper implementation of the marketing approach. Marketing team in Electronic Arts is very closely analyzing any suggestions coming trot the customers. They know that it is much easier to keep the existing customer testified than gain a new ones. They are aware as well that the customer who will be lost may never return and turn for the competitors product, 3. 5 Marketing Concept as Part of Company Objectives Prom day one the customer orientated approach is an integral part Of the Electronic Arts. Without looking at customer needs and successfully satisfying them it would be impossible for the business to achieve such high position in one of the most competitive markets of the world. For the company which bases their business to be in the hands Of gamers it is the most important to liver products tailored to their expectations. .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 , .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .postImageUrl , .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 , .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492:hover , .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492:visited , .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492:active { border:0!important; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492:active , .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492 .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u414eeec2b28c0a83cbab1e3ea1e0b492:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill A Mockingbird: Prejudice EssayMarketing concept in Electronic Arts evolved with the company becoming an example for the competitors. The company have a massive gain from applying the marketing values into their business strategy and it could not exist without it. 3. 6 Society Impact Games produced by the company are played by all age groups. Youngest gamers are aged five and thats why the company has to be very carefully in the way the products for those young children are presented. In the recent years EAI was in the group of companies accused that why they are transferring all of he customers wishes into world of games, they went a step to far in making them to real by applying excessive violence into their products, Although the company assignees strict age limits to selected titles, many pressure groups in likes of government agency Entertainment Software Rating Board US, and many children welfare organizations are blaming the EAI and other games manufacturers for aggressive behavior of teenagers. The issue is currently being widely discussed and LISA some parents are taking court cases against the EAI. The company is limiting the violent content in their games but frequently t collides with what the older gamers wants, especially in the war and action games. 4. 0 CONCLUSION Electronic Arts, an entertainment software manufacturer, is the company which applied the principles of Marketing Concept. Kettle and Armstrong (2001) define the marketing approach as achieving company goals by determining and satisfying the needs footages markets, which is done more effectively and efficiently than competitors, Delivering on of the highest quality games EAI gained a position of a world leader. Customer orientated approach is present in the organization from the beginning of the firm in 1987. By proper implementation to marketing values the company grew to become an international enterprise with revenue of billion and 7,900 employees worldwide. The company share price raised from bellow a $1 in 1990 to $60 in October 2007 (see App 2). Products are created to satisfy as much customer groups as possible 50 EAI is producing for all available gaming platforms.